HtmlUnit測試入門

HtmlUnit是junit的擴充架構之一，該架構模拟浏覽器的行為，提供API對網頁的元素進行操作。HtmlUnit支援HTTP、HTTPS、COOKIES、表單的POST和GET；能夠對HTML文檔進行包裝，頁面的各種元素可以被當做對象調用。

HtmlUnit把網頁封裝成一個對象，然後開發調用方法；HtmlUnit下載下傳位址：http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/  下砸jar後，用Eclipse建立java project，右鍵選擇properties->java build path->Add External JARs導入jar包後，建立class或junit test case。

一、載入頁面

public void testHomePage() throws Exception{
		final WebClient webclient =new WebClient();
		//creat a new WebClient object which is equal to browser
		webclient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(false);
		webclient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(false);
		//Not loading CSS and JavaScript
		URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com/");
		//structure a URL which points to tested URL, such as www.baidu.com
		HtmlPage page=(HtmlPage) webclient.getPage(url);
		// return corresponding page through method getPage()
		System.out.print(page.getTitleText());
		assertEquals("百度一下，你就知道",page.getTitleText());
	}
           

WebClient是一個浏覽器對象，含有多種浏覽器上可進行的操作，，getPage函數就是通過url取得要通路的頁面。getPage傳回的文檔被轉化為HtmlPage對象，也就是被包裝為HTML格式的對象，該對象可以輸出頁面的内容，标題，或者一個表格等等。

二、模拟特定浏覽器

final WebClient webclient =new WebClient(BrowserVersion.CHROME);

//simulate chrome browser

 三、使用get或xpath方法擷取特定元素 

HtmlDivision div2=(HtmlDivision)page2.getHtmlElementById("breadcrumbs");

HtmlDivision div1=(HtmlDivision) page1.getByXPath("//div").get(0); //擷取到第一個div

四、輸入網頁内容

System.out.println(div1.asXml()); //以xml格式輸出

System.out.println(div2.asText()); //以txt格式輸出

五、輸入字元并确認

public void testSearch()  throws Exception{ 
		final WebClient webclient =new WebClient();
		//creat a new WebClient object which is equal to browser
		webclient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(false);
		webclient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(false);
		//Not loading CSS and JavaScript
		URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com/");
		//structure a URL which points to tested URL, such as www.baidu.com
		HtmlPage page=(HtmlPage) webclient.getPage(url);
		// return corresponding page through method getPage()
		final HtmlForm form=page.getFormByName("f");
		final HtmlSubmitInput button1=form.getInputByValue("百度一下");//get button by value
		final HtmlTextInput textField =form.getInputByName("wd"); //get textfield by name
		textField.setValueAttribute("python學習");
		final HtmlPage nextPage=button1.click(); //submit search keyword
		String result =nextPage.asXml(); //get search result
		System.out.println(result);