Ansible(一):Ansible的安裝部署
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- 1.Ansible簡介
- 2.Ansible特點
- 3.Ansible安裝部署
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- 環境
- 安裝
- 4.建構使用者級ansible操作環境
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- 編輯清單
- ssh免密認證
- 為所有受控主機建立devops
- sudo授權:
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1.Ansible簡介
- ansible是新出現的自動化運維工具,基于Python開發,集合了衆多運維工具(puppet、chef、func、fabric)的優點,實作了批量系統配置、批量程式部署、批量運作指令等功能。
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ansible是基于 paramiko 開發的,并且基于子產品化工作,本身沒有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所運作的子產品,ansible隻是提供一種架構。ansible不需要在遠端主機上安裝client/agents,因為它們是基于ssh來和遠
程主機通訊的。
2.Ansible特點
- 部署簡單,隻需在主要端部署Ansible環境,被控端無需做任何操作;
- 預設使用SSH協定對裝置進行管理;
- 有大量正常運維操作子產品,可實作日常絕大部分操作;
- 配置簡單、功能強大、擴充性強;
- 支援API及自定義子產品,可通過Pyhon輕松擴充;
- 通過Playbooks來定制強大的配置、狀态管理;
- 輕量級,無需在用戶端安裝agent,更新時,隻需在操作機上進行一次更新即可;
- 提供一個功能強大、操作性強的Web管理界面和REST API接口——AWX平台。
3.Ansible安裝部署
環境
準備rhel8.2的主機和虛拟機,也可以開4台虛拟機。配置私有網段
主機名:ip | role |
---|---|
真機:172.25.41.250 | ansible |
westosa:172.25.41.1 | node |
westosb:172.25.41.2 | node |
westosc:172.25.41.3 | node |
安裝
配置好本地網絡倉庫
安裝epel源後dnf安裝ansible
dnf install epel-release -y
dnf install ansible –y
檢視版本資訊
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible --version
ansible 2.9.23
config file = /home/devops/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = ['/home/devops/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 3.6.8 (default, Dec 5 2019, 15:45:45) [GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)]
4.建構使用者級ansible操作環境
在生産環境中一般不使用root。建立使用者devops并登陸
[[email protected]_student41 ~]# useradd devops
[[email protected]_student41 ~]# su - devops
Last login: Thu Aug 26 09:44:38 CST 2021 on pts/0
在devops下建立一個ansible目錄,複制ansible配置檔案到目錄并且修改配置。
為了實驗友善删除一些實驗用不到的内容。
[[email protected]_student41 ~]$ mkdir ansible
[[email protected]_student41 ~]$ cd ansible/
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ cp /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg .
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ls
ansible.cfg
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ vim ansible.cfg
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ cat ansible.cfg
# config file for ansible -- https://ansible.com/
# ===============================================
# nearly all parameters can be overridden in ansible-playbook
# or with command line flags. ansible will read ANSIBLE_CONFIG,
# ansible.cfg in the current working directory, .ansible.cfg in
# the home directory or /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg, whichever it
# finds first
[defaults]
# some basic default values...
inventory = ~/ansible/inventory
#roles_path = /etc/ansible/roles
host_key_checking = False
remote_user = devops
module_name = shell
[privilege_escalation]
become=True
become_method=sudo
become_user=root
become_ask_pass=False
編輯清單
添加受控主機ip(或者主機名)
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ vim inventory
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ cat inventory
[westos]
172.25.41.1
[linux]
172.25.41.1
172.25.41.3
[prod]
172.25.41.2
分組測試
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible all --list
hosts (3):
172.25.41.1
172.25.41.3
172.25.41.2
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible linux --list
hosts (2):
172.25.41.1
172.25.41.3
ssh免密認證
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ssh-keygen
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ for i in 1 2 3 ; do ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected].$i; done
為所有受控主機建立devops
[[email protected]_student41 ~]# openssl passwd -6
Password:
Verifying - Password:
$6$EWhfM1Ds4rxJhHvu$vgFeXV20C.20sBaXsHwCxSMEsVRl1pIMBBiAKIS2Zc92OsGleGVP6c5zfXKBY.elzv.l84.ga8rNY305DQQ2T0
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible all -m user -a 'name=devops state=present password="$6$EWhfM1Ds4rxJhHvu$vgFeXV20C.20sBaXsHwCxSMEsVRl1pIMBBiAKIS2Zc92OsGleGVP6c5zfXKBY.elzv.l84.ga8rNY305DQQ2T0"' -u root
sudo授權:
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible all -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/sudoers line="devops ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL "' -u root
[[email protected]_student41 ansible]$ ansible all -m shell -a 'tail -n 3 /etc/sudoers'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
devops ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
172.25.41.2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
devops ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
172.25.41.3 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
devops ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL