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Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

Android的螢幕适配一直以來都在折磨着我們這些開發者,本篇文章以Google的官方文檔為基礎,全面而深入的講解了Android螢幕适配的原因、重要概念、解決方案及最佳實踐,我相信如果你能認真的學習本文,對于Android的螢幕适配,你将有所收獲!
  • Android螢幕适配出現的原因
  • 重要概念
    • 螢幕尺寸
    • 螢幕分辨率
    • 螢幕像素密度
    • dpdipdpisppx
    • mdpihdpixdpixxdpi
  • 解決方案
    • 支援各種螢幕尺寸
      • 使用wrap_contentmatch_parentweight
      • 使用相對布局禁用絕對布局
      • 使用限定符
        • 使用尺寸限定符
        • 使用最小寬度限定符
        • 使用布局别名
        • 使用螢幕方向限定符
        • 使用自動拉伸位圖
    • 支援各種螢幕密度
      • 使用非密度制約像素
      • 提供備用位圖
    • 實施自适應使用者界面流程
      • 确定目前布局
      • 根據目前布局做出響應
      • 重複使用其他活動中的片段
      • 處理螢幕配置變化
    • 最佳實踐
      • 關于高清設計圖尺寸
      • ImageView的ScaleType屬性
      • 動态設定
    • 更多參考資料

Android螢幕适配出現的原因

在我們學習如何進行螢幕适配之前,我們需要先了解下為什麼Android需要進行螢幕适配。

由于Android系統的開放性,任何使用者、開發者、OEM廠商、營運商都可以對Android進行定制,修改成他們想要的樣子。

但是這種“碎片化”到底到達什麼程度呢?

在2012年,OpenSignalMaps(以下簡稱OSM)釋出了第一份Android碎片化報告,統計資料表明,

  • 2012年,支援Android的裝置共有3997種。
  • 2013年,支援Android的裝置共有11868種。
  • 2014年,支援Android的裝置共有18796種。

下面這張圖檔所顯示的内容足以充分說明當今Android系統碎片化問題的嚴重性,因為該圖檔中的每一個矩形都代表着一種Android裝置。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

而随着支援Android系統的裝置(手機、平闆、電視、手表)的增多,裝置碎片化、品牌碎片化、系統碎片化、傳感器碎片化和螢幕碎片化的程度也在不斷地加深。而我們今天要探讨的,則是對我們開發影響比較大的——螢幕的碎片化。

下面這張圖是Android螢幕尺寸的示意圖,在這張圖裡面,藍色矩形的大小代表不同尺寸,顔色深淺則代表所占百分比的大小。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

而與之相對應的,則是下面這張圖。這張圖顯示了IOS裝置所需要進行适配的螢幕尺寸和占比。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

當然,這張圖檔隻是4,4s,5,5c,5s和平闆的尺寸,現在還應該加上新推出的iphone6和plus,但是和Android的螢幕碎片化程度相比而言,還是差的太遠。

詳細的統計資料請到這裡檢視

現在你應該很清楚為什麼要對Android的螢幕進行适配了吧?螢幕尺寸這麼多,為了讓我們開發的程式能夠比較美觀的顯示在不同尺寸、分辨率、像素密度(這些概念我會在下面詳細講解)的裝置上,那就要在開發的過程中進行處理,至于如何去進行處理,這就是我們今天的主題了。

但是在開始進入主題之前,我們再來探讨一件事情,那就是Android裝置的螢幕尺寸,從幾寸的智能手機,到10寸的平闆電腦,再到幾十寸的數字電視,我們應該适配哪些裝置呢?

其實這個問題不應該這麼考慮,因為對于具有相同像素密度的裝置來說,像素越高,尺寸就越大,是以我們可以換個思路,将問題從單純的尺寸大小轉換到像素大小和像素密度的角度來。

下圖是2014年初,友盟統計的占比5%以上的6個主流分辨率,可以看出,占比最高的是480*800,320*480的裝置竟然也占據了很大比例,但是和半年前的資料相比較,中低分辨率(320*480、480*800)的比例在減少,而中高分辨率的比例則在不斷地增加。雖然每個分辨率所占的比例在變化,但是總的趨勢沒變,還是這六種,隻是分辨率在不斷地提高。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

是以說,我們隻要盡量适配這幾種分辨率,就可以在大部分的手機上正常運作了。

當然了,這隻是手機的适配,對于平闆裝置(電視也可以看做是平闆),我們還需要一些其他的處理。

好了,到目前為止,我們已經弄清楚了Android開發為什麼要進行适配,以及我們應該适配哪些對象,接下來,終于進入我們的正題了!

首先,我們先要學習幾個重要的概念。

重要概念

什麼是螢幕尺寸、螢幕分辨率、螢幕像素密度? 

什麼是dp、dip、dpi、sp、px?他們之間的關系是什麼? 

什麼是mdpi、hdpi、xdpi、xxdpi?如何計算和區分?

在下面的内容中我們将介紹這些概念。

螢幕尺寸

螢幕尺寸指螢幕的對角線的長度,機關是英寸,1英寸=2.54厘米

比如常見的螢幕尺寸有2.4、2.8、3.5、3.7、4.2、5.0、5.5、6.0等

螢幕分辨率

螢幕分辨率是指在橫縱向上的像素點數,機關是px,1px=1個像素點。一般以縱向像素*橫向像素,如1960*1080。

螢幕像素密度

螢幕像素密度是指每英寸上的像素點數,機關是dpi,即“dot per inch”的縮寫。螢幕像素密度與螢幕尺寸和螢幕分辨率有關,在單一變化條件下,螢幕尺寸越小、分辨率越高,像素密度越大,反之越小。

dp、dip、dpi、sp、px

px我們應該是比較熟悉的,前面的分辨率就是用的像素為機關,大多數情況下,比如UI設計、Android原生API都會以px作為統一的計量機關,像是擷取螢幕寬高等。

dip和dp是一個意思,都是Density Independent Pixels的縮寫,即密度無關像素,上面我們說過,dpi是螢幕像素密度,假如一英寸裡面有160個像素,這個螢幕的像素密度就是160dpi,那麼在這種情況下,dp和px如何換算呢?在Android中,規定以160dpi為基準,1dip=1px,如果密度是320dpi,則1dip=2px,以此類推。

假如同樣都是畫一條320px的線,在480*800分辨率手機上顯示為2/3螢幕寬度,在320*480的手機上則占滿了全屏,如果使用dp為機關,在這兩種分辨率下,160dp都顯示為螢幕一般的長度。這也是為什麼在Android開發中,寫布局的時候要盡量使用dp而不是px的原因。

而sp,即scale-independent pixels,與dp類似,但是可以根據文字大小首選項進行放縮,是設定字型大小的禦用機關。

mdpi、hdpi、xdpi、xxdpi

其實之前還有個ldpi,但是随着移動裝置配置的不斷更新,這個像素密度的裝置已經很罕見了,所在現在适配時不需考慮。

mdpi、hdpi、xdpi、xxdpi用來修飾Android中的drawable檔案夾及values檔案夾,用來區分不同像素密度下的圖檔和dimen值。

那麼如何區分呢?Google官方指定按照下列标準進行區分:

名稱 像素密度範圍
mdpi 120dpi~160dpi
hdpi 160dpi~240dpi
xhdpi 240dpi~320dpi
xxhdpi 320dpi~480dpi
xxxhdpi 480dpi~640dpi

在進行開發的時候,我們需要把合适大小的圖檔放在合适的檔案夾裡面。下面以圖示設計為例進行介紹。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

在設計圖示時,對于五種主流的像素密度(MDPI、HDPI、XHDPI、XXHDPI 和 XXXHDPI)應按照 2:3:4:6:8 的比例進行縮放。例如,一個啟動圖示的尺寸為48x48 dp,這表示在 MDPI 的螢幕上其實際尺寸應為 48x48 px,在 HDPI 的螢幕上其實際大小是 MDPI 的 1.5 倍 (72x72 px),在 XDPI 的螢幕上其實際大小是 MDPI 的 2 倍 (96x96 px),依此類推。

雖然 Android 也支援低像素密度 (LDPI) 的螢幕,但無需為此費神,系統會自動将 HDPI 尺寸的圖示縮小到 1/2 進行比對。

下圖為圖示的各個螢幕密度的對應尺寸

螢幕密度 圖示尺寸
mdpi 48x48px
hdpi 72x72px
xhdpi 96x96px
xxhdpi 144x144px
xxxhdpi 192x192px

解決方案

支援各種螢幕尺寸

使用wrap_content、match_parent、weight

要確定布局的靈活性并适應各種尺寸的螢幕,應使用 “wrap_content” 和 “match_parent” 控制某些視圖元件的寬度和高度。

使用 “wrap_content”,系統就會将視圖的寬度或高度設定成所需的最小尺寸以适應視圖中的内容,而 “match_parent”(在低于 API 級别 8 的級别中稱為 “fill_parent”)則會展開元件以比對其父視圖的尺寸。

如果使用 “wrap_content” 和 “match_parent” 尺寸值而不是寫死的尺寸,視圖就會相應地僅使用自身所需的空間或展開以填滿可用空間。此方法可讓布局正确适應各種螢幕尺寸和螢幕方向。

下面是一段示例代碼

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              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li></ul>      

下圖是在橫縱屏切換的時候的顯示效果,我們可以看到這樣可以很好的适配螢幕尺寸的變化。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

weight是線性布局的一個獨特的屬性,我們可以使用這個屬性來按照比例對界面進行配置設定,完成一些特殊的需求。

但是,我們對于這個屬性的計算應該如何了解呢?

首先看下面的例子,我們在布局中這樣設定我們的界面

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

我們在布局裡面設定為線性布局,橫向排列,然後放置兩個寬度為0dp的按鈕,分别設定weight為1和2,在效果圖中,我們可以看到兩個按鈕按照1:2的寬度比例正常排列了,這也是我們經常使用到的場景,這是時候很好了解,Button1的寬度就是1/(1+2) = 1/3,Button2的寬度則是2/(1+2) = 2/3,我們可以很清楚的明白這種情景下的占比如何計算。

但是假如我們的寬度不是0dp(wrap_content和0dp的效果相同),則是match_parent呢?

下面是設定為match_parent的效果

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

我們可以看到,在這種情況下,占比和上面正好相反,這是怎麼回事呢?說到這裡,我們就不得不提一下weight的計算方法了。

android:layout_weight的真實含義是:如果View設定了該屬性并且有效,那麼該 View的寬度等于原有寬度(android:layout_width)加上剩餘空間的占比。

從這個角度我們來解釋一下上面的現象。在上面的代碼中,我們設定每個Button的寬度都是match_parent,假設螢幕寬度為L,那麼每個Button的寬度也應該都為L,剩餘寬度就等于L-(L+L)= -L。

Button1的weight=1,剩餘寬度占比為1/(1+2)= 1/3,是以最終寬度為L+1/3*(-L)=2/3L,Button2的計算類似,最終寬度為L+2/3(-L)=1/3L。

這是在水準方向上的,那麼在垂直方向上也是這樣嗎?

下面是測試代碼和效果

如果是垂直方向,那麼我們應該改變的是layout_height的屬性,下面是0dp的顯示效果

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

下面是match_parent的顯示效果,結論和水準是完全一樣的

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

雖然說我們示範了match_parent的顯示效果,并說明了原因,但是在真正用的時候,我們都是設定某一個屬性為0dp,然後按照權重計算所占百分比。

使用相對布局,禁用絕對布局

在開發中,我們大部分時候使用的都是線性布局、相對布局和幀布局,絕對布局由于适配性極差,是以極少使用。

由于各種布局的特點不一樣,是以不能說哪個布局好用,到底應該使用什麼布局隻能根據實際需求來确定。我們可以使用 LinearLayout 的嵌套執行個體并結合 “wrap_content” 和 “match_parent”,以便建構相當複雜的布局。不過,我們無法通過 LinearLayout 精确控制子視圖的特殊關系;系統會将 LinearLayout 中的視圖直接并排列出。

如果我們需要将子視圖排列出各種效果而不是一條直線,通常更合适的解決方法是使用 RelativeLayout,這樣就可以根據各元件之間的特殊關系指定布局了。例如,我們可以将某個子視圖對齊到螢幕左側,同時将另一個視圖對齊到螢幕右側。

下面的代碼以官方Demo為例說明。

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">RelativeLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">TextView
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/label"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Type here:"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">EditText
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/entry"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_below</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@id/label"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/ok"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_below</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@id/entry"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_alignParentRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"true"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginLeft</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"OK"</span> /></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_toLeftOf</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@id/ok"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_alignTop</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@id/ok"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Cancel"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">RelativeLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li></ul>      

在上面的代碼中我們使用了相對布局,并且使用alignXXX等屬性指定了子控件的位置,下面是這種布局方式在應對螢幕變化時的表現

在小尺寸螢幕的顯示

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

在平闆的大尺寸上的顯示效果

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

雖然控件的大小由于螢幕尺寸的增加而發生了改變,但是我們可以看到,由于使用了相對布局,是以控件之前的位置關系并沒有發生什麼變化,這說明我們的适配成功了。

使用限定符

使用尺寸限定符

上面所提到的靈活布局或者是相對布局,可以為我們帶來的優勢就隻有這麼多了。雖然這些布局可以拉伸元件内外的空間以适應各種螢幕,但它們不一定能為每種螢幕都提供最佳的使用者體驗。是以,我們的應用不僅僅隻實施靈活布局,還應該應針對各種螢幕配置提供一些備用布局。

如何做到這一點呢?我們可以通過使用配置限定符,在運作時根據目前的裝置配置自動選擇合适的資源了,例如根據各種螢幕尺寸選擇不同的布局。

很多應用會在較大的螢幕上實施“雙面闆”模式,即在一個面闆上顯示項目清單,而在另一面闆上顯示對應内容。平闆電腦和電視的螢幕已經大到可以同時容納這兩個面闆了,但手機螢幕就需要分别顯示。是以,我們可以使用以下檔案以便實施這些布局:

res/layout/main.xml,單面闆(預設)布局:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"vertical"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>      

res/layout-large/main.xml,雙面闆布局:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"horizontal"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"400dp"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/article"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.ArticleFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

請注意第二種布局名稱目錄中的 large 限定符。系統會在屬于較大螢幕(例如 7 英寸或更大的平闆電腦)的裝置上選擇此布局。系統會在較小的螢幕上選擇其他布局(無限定符)。

使用最小寬度限定符

在版本低于 3.2 的 Android 裝置上,開發人員遇到的問題之一是“較大”螢幕的尺寸範圍,該問題會影響戴爾 Streak、早期的 Galaxy Tab 以及大部分 7 英寸平闆電腦。即使這些裝置的螢幕屬于“較大”的尺寸,但很多應用可能會針對此類别中的各種裝置(例如 5 英寸和 7 英寸的裝置)顯示不同的布局。這就是 Android 3.2 版在引入其他限定符的同時引入“最小寬度”限定符的原因。

最小寬度限定符可讓您通過指定某個最小寬度(以 dp 為機關)來定位螢幕。例如,标準 7 英寸平闆電腦的最小寬度為 600 dp,是以如果您要在此類螢幕上的使用者界面中使用雙面闆(但在較小的螢幕上隻顯示清單),您可以使用上文中所述的單面闆和雙面闆這兩種布局,但您應使用 sw600dp 指明雙面闆布局僅适用于最小寬度為 600 dp 的螢幕,而不是使用 large 尺寸限定符。

res/layout/main.xml,單面闆(預設)布局:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"vertical"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>      

res/layout-sw600dp/main.xml,雙面闆布局:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"horizontal"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"400dp"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/article"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.ArticleFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

也就是說,對于最小寬度大于等于 600 dp 的裝置,系統會選擇 layout-sw600dp/main.xml(雙面闆)布局,否則系統就會選擇 layout/main.xml(單面闆)布局。

但 Android 版本低于 3.2 的裝置不支援此技術,原因是這些裝置無法将 sw600dp 識别為尺寸限定符,是以我們仍需使用 large 限定符。這樣一來,就會有一個名稱為 res/layout-large/main.xml 的檔案(與 res/layout-sw600dp/main.xml 一樣)。但是沒有太大關系,我們将馬上學習如何避免此類布局檔案出現的重複。

使用布局别名

最小寬度限定符僅适用于 Android 3.2 及更高版本。是以,如果我們仍需使用與較低版本相容的概括尺寸範圍(小、正常、大和特大)。例如,如果要将使用者界面設計成在手機上顯示單面闆,但在 7 英寸平闆電腦、電視和其他較大的裝置上顯示多面闆,那麼我們就需要提供以下檔案:

  • res/layout/main.xml: 單面闆布局
  • res/layout-large: 多面闆布局
  • res/layout-sw600dp: 多面闆布局

後兩個檔案是相同的,因為其中一個用于和 Android 3.2 裝置比對,而另一個則是為使用較低版本 Android 的平闆電腦和電視準備的。

要避免平闆電腦和電視的檔案出現重複(以及由此帶來的維護問題),您可以使用别名檔案。例如,您可以定義以下布局:

  • res/layout/main.xml,單面闆布局
  • res/layout/main_twopanes.xml,雙面闆布局

然後添加這兩個檔案:

res/values-large/layout.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/main_twopanes<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>      

res/values-sw600dp/layout.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/main_twopanes<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>      

後兩個檔案的内容相同,但它們并未實際定義布局。它們隻是将 main 設定成了 main_twopanes 的别名。由于這些檔案包含 large 和 sw600dp 選擇器,是以無論 Android 版本如何,系統都會将這些檔案應用到平闆電腦和電視上(版本低于 3.2 的平闆電腦和電視會比對 large,版本高于 3.2 的平闆電腦和電視則會比對 sw600dp)。

使用螢幕方向限定符

某些布局會同時支援橫向模式和縱向模式,但我們可以通過調整優化其中大部分布局的效果。在新聞閱讀器示例應用中,每種螢幕尺寸和螢幕方向下的布局行為方式如下所示:

  • 小螢幕,縱向:單面闆,帶徽标
  • 小螢幕,橫向:單面闆,帶徽标
  • 7 英寸平闆電腦,縱向:單面闆,帶操作欄
  • 7 英寸平闆電腦,橫向:雙面闆,寬,帶操作欄
  • 10 英寸平闆電腦,縱向:雙面闆,窄,帶操作欄
  • 10 英寸平闆電腦,橫向:雙面闆,寬,帶操作欄
  • 電視,橫向:雙面闆,寬,帶操作欄

是以,這些布局中的每一種都定義在了 res/layout/ 目錄下的某個 XML 檔案中。為了繼續将每個布局配置設定給各種螢幕配置,該應用會使用布局别名将兩者相比對:

res/layout/onepane.xml:(單面闆)

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"vertical"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>      

res/layout/onepane_with_bar.xml:(單面闆帶操作欄)

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"vertical"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
                  <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/linearLayout1"</span>  
                  <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:gravity</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"center"</span>
                  <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"50dp"</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ImageView</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/imageView1"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@drawable/logo"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:paddingRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"30dp"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_gravity</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"left"</span>
                   <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_weight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"0"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">View</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/view1"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_weight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"1"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/categorybutton"</span>
                <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:background</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@drawable/button_bg"</span>
                <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
                <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_weight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"0"</span>
                <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"120dp"</span>
                <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">style</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@style/CategoryButtonStyle"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li></ul>      

res/layout/twopanes.xml:(雙面闆,寬布局)

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"horizontal"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"400dp"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/article"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.ArticleFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

res/layout/twopanes_narrow.xml:(雙面闆,窄布局)

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"horizontal"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"200dp"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/article"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.ArticleFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

既然我們已定義了所有可能的布局,那就隻需使用配置限定符将正确的布局映射到各種配置即可。

現在隻需使用布局别名技術即可做到這一點:

res/values/layouts.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main_layout"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/onepane_with_bar<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"has_two_panes"</span>></span>false<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

res/values-sw600dp-land/layouts.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main_layout"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/twopanes<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"has_two_panes"</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

res/values-sw600dp-port/layouts.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main_layout"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/onepane<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"has_two_panes"</span>></span>false<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

res/values-large-land/layouts.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main_layout"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/twopanes<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"has_two_panes"</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

res/values-large-port/layouts.xml:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"main_layout"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/twopanes_narrow<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"has_two_panes"</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bool</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

使用自動拉伸位圖

支援各種螢幕尺寸通常意味着您的圖檔資源還必須能适應各種尺寸。例如,無論要應用到什麼形狀的按鈕上,按鈕背景都必須能适應。

如果在可以更改尺寸的元件上使用了簡單的圖檔,您很快就會發現顯示效果多少有些不太理想,因為系統會在運作時平均地拉伸或收縮您的圖檔。解決方法為使用自動拉伸位圖,這是一種格式特殊的 PNG 檔案,其中會指明可以拉伸以及不可以拉伸的區域。

.9的制作,實際上就是在原圖檔上添加1px的邊界,然後按照我們的需求,把對應的位置設定成黑色線,系統就會根據我們的實際需求進行拉伸。

下圖是對.9圖的四邊的含義的解釋,左上邊代表拉伸區域,右下邊代表padding box,就是間隔區域,在下面,我們給出一個例子,友善大家了解。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

先看下面兩張圖,我們了解一下這四條線的含義。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

上圖和下圖的差別,就在于右下邊的黑線不一樣,具體的效果的差別,看右邊的效果圖。上圖效果圖中深藍色的區域,代表内容區域,我們可以看到是在正中央的,這是因為我們在右下邊的是兩個點,這兩個點距離上下左右四個方向的距離就是padding的距離,是以深藍色内容區域在圖檔正中央,我們再看下圖,由于右下邊的黑線是圖檔長度,是以就沒有padding,從效果圖上的表現就是深藍色區域和圖檔一樣大,是以,我們可以利用右下邊來控制内容與背景圖邊緣的padding。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

如果你還不明白,那麼我們看下面的效果圖,我們分别以圖一和圖二作為背景圖,下面是效果圖。

我們可以看到,使用wrap_content屬性設定長寬,圖一比圖二的效果大一圈,這是為什麼呢?還記得我上面說的padding嗎?

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

這就是padding的效果提現,怎麼證明呢?我們再看下面一張圖,給圖一添加padding=0,這樣背景圖設定的padding效果就沒了,是不是兩個一樣大了?

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

ok,我想你應該明白右下邊的黑線的含義了,下面我們再看一下左上邊的效果。

下面我們隻設定了左上邊線,效果圖如下

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

上面的線沒有包住圖示,下面的線正好包住了圖示,從右邊的效果圖應該可以看出差别,黑線所在的區域就是拉伸區域,上圖黑線所在的全是純色,是以圖示不變形,下面的拉伸區域包裹了圖示,是以在拉伸的時候就會對圖示進行拉伸,但是這樣就會導緻圖示變形。注意到下面紅線區域了嘛?這是系統提示我們的,因為這樣拉伸,不符合要求,是以會提示一下。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

支援各種螢幕密度

使用非密度制約像素

由于各種螢幕的像素密度都有所不同,是以相同數量的像素在不同裝置上的實際大小也有所差異,這樣使用像素定義布局尺寸就會産生問題。是以,請務必使用 dp 或 sp 機關指定尺寸。dp 是一種非密度制約像素,其尺寸與 160 dpi 像素的實際尺寸相同。sp 也是一種基本機關,但它可根據使用者的偏好文字大小進行調整(即尺度獨立性像素),是以我們應将該測量機關用于定義文字大小。

例如,請使用 dp(而非 px)指定兩個視圖間的間距:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@string/clickme"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginTop</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"20dp"</span> /></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>      

請務必使用 sp 指定文字大小:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">TextView</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:textSize</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"20sp"</span> /></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>      

除了介紹這些最基礎的知識之外,我們下面再來讨論一下另外一個問題。

經過上面的介紹,我們都清楚,為了能夠規避不同像素密度的陷阱,Google推薦使用dp來代替px作為控件長度的度量機關,但是我們來看下面的一個場景。

假如我們以Nexus5作為書寫代碼時檢視效果的測試機型,Nexus5的總寬度為360dp,我們現在需要在水準方向上放置兩個按鈕,一個是150dp左對齊,另外一個是200dp右對齊,中間留有10dp間隔,那麼在Nexus5上面的顯示效果就是下面這樣

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

但是如果在Nexus S或者是Nexus One運作呢?下面是運作結果

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

可以看到,兩個按鈕發生了重疊。

我們都已經用了dp了,為什麼會出現這種情況呢?

你聽我慢慢道來。

雖然說dp可以去除不同像素密度的問題,使得1dp在不同像素密度上面的顯示效果相同,但是還是由于Android螢幕裝置的多樣性,如果使用dp來作為度量機關,并不是所有的螢幕的寬度都是相同的dp長度,比如說,Nexus S和Nexus One屬于hdpi,螢幕寬度是320dp,而Nexus 5屬于xxhdpi,螢幕寬度是360dp,Galaxy Nexus屬于xhdpi,螢幕寬度是384dp,Nexus 6 屬于xxxhdpi,螢幕寬度是410dp。是以說,光Google自己一家的産品就已經有這麼多的标準,而且螢幕寬度和像素密度沒有任何關聯關系,即使我們使用dp,在320dp寬度的裝置和410dp的裝置上,還是會有90dp的差别。當然,我們盡量使用match_parent和wrap_content,盡可能少的用dp來指定控件的具體長寬,再結合上權重,大部分的情況我們都是可以做到适配的。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

但是除了這個方法,我們還有沒有其他的更徹底的解決方案呢?

我們換另外一個思路來思考這個問題。

下面的方案來自Android Day Day Up 一群的【blue-深圳】,謝謝他的分享精神

因為分辨率不一樣,是以不能用px;因為螢幕寬度不一樣,是以要小心的用dp,那麼我們可不可以用另外一種方法來統一機關,不管分辨率是多大,螢幕寬度用一個固定的值的機關來統計呢?

答案是:當然可以。

我們假設手機螢幕的寬度都是320某機關,那麼我們将一個螢幕寬度的總像素數平均分成320份,每一份對應具體的像素就可以了。

具體如何來實作呢?我們看下面的代碼

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.io.File;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.io.FileNotFoundException;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.io.FileOutputStream;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.io.PrintWriter;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MakeXml</span> {</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> String rootPath = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\layoutroot\\values-{0}x{1}\\"</span>;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> dw = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">320</span>f;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> dh = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480</span>f;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> String WTemplate = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<dimen name=\"x{0}\">{1}px</dimen>\n"</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> String HTemplate = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<dimen name=\"y{0}\">{1}px</dimen>\n"</span>;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">320</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">800</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">854</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">540</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">960</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">600</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1024</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">720</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1184</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">720</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1196</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">720</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1280</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">768</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1024</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">800</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1280</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1080</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1812</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1080</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1920</span>);
        makeString(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1440</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2560</span>);
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">makeString</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> h) {

        StringBuffer sb = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> StringBuffer();
        sb.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n"</span>);
        sb.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<resources>"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> cellw = w / dw;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">320</span>; i++) {
            sb.append(WTemplate.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{0}"</span>, i + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>).replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{1}"</span>,
                    change(cellw * i) + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>));
        }
        sb.append(WTemplate.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{0}"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"320"</span>).replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{1}"</span>, w + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>));
        sb.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"</resources>"</span>);

        StringBuffer sb2 = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> StringBuffer();
        sb2.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n"</span>);
        sb2.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<resources>"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> cellh = h / dh;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480</span>; i++) {
            sb2.append(HTemplate.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{0}"</span>, i + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>).replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{1}"</span>,
                    change(cellh * i) + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>));
        }
        sb2.append(HTemplate.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{0}"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"480"</span>).replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{1}"</span>, h + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>));
        sb2.append(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"</resources>"</span>);

        String path = rootPath.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{0}"</span>, h + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>).replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"{1}"</span>, w + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>);
        File rootFile = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(path);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (!rootFile.exists()) {
            rootFile.mkdirs();
        }
        File layxFile = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(path + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"lay_x.xml"</span>);
        File layyFile = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(path + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"lay_y.xml"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
            PrintWriter pw = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> PrintWriter(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> FileOutputStream(layxFile));
            pw.print(sb.toString());
            pw.close();
            pw = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> PrintWriter(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> FileOutputStream(layyFile));
            pw.print(sb2.toString());
            pw.close();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">change</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">float</span> a) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> temp = (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>) (a * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> temp / <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>f;
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li></ul>      

代碼應該很好懂,我們将一個螢幕寬度分為320份,高度480份,然後按照實際像素對每一個機關進行複制,放在對應values-widthxheight檔案夾下面的lax.xml和lay.xml裡面,這樣就可以統一所有你想要的分辨率的機關了,下面是生成的一個320*480分辨率的檔案,因為寬高分割之後總分數和像素數相同,是以x1就是1px,以此類推

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x1"</span>></span>1.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x2"</span>></span>2.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x3"</span>></span>3.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x4"</span>></span>4.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x5"</span>></span>5.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x6"</span>></span>6.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x7"</span>></span>7.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x8"</span>></span>8.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x9"</span>></span>9.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x10"</span>></span>10.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
...省略好多行
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x300"</span>></span>300.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x301"</span>></span>301.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x302"</span>></span>302.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x303"</span>></span>303.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x304"</span>></span>304.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x305"</span>></span>305.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x306"</span>></span>306.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x307"</span>></span>307.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x308"</span>></span>308.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x309"</span>></span>309.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x310"</span>></span>310.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x311"</span>></span>311.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x312"</span>></span>312.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x313"</span>></span>313.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x314"</span>></span>314.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x315"</span>></span>315.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x316"</span>></span>316.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x317"</span>></span>317.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x318"</span>></span>318.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x319"</span>></span>319.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x320"</span>></span>320px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li></ul>      

那麼1080*1960分辨率下是什麼樣子呢?我們可以看下,由于1080和320是3.37倍的關系,是以x1=3.37px

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x1"</span>></span>3.37px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x2"</span>></span>6.75px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x3"</span>></span>10.12px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x4"</span>></span>13.5px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x5"</span>></span>16.87px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x6"</span>></span>20.25px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x7"</span>></span>23.62px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x8"</span>></span>27.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x9"</span>></span>30.37px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x10"</span>></span>33.75px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
...省略好多行
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x300"</span>></span>1012.5px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x301"</span>></span>1015.87px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x302"</span>></span>1019.25px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x303"</span>></span>1022.62px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x304"</span>></span>1026.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x305"</span>></span>1029.37px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x306"</span>></span>1032.75px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x307"</span>></span>1036.12px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x308"</span>></span>1039.5px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x309"</span>></span>1042.87px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x310"</span>></span>1046.25px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x311"</span>></span>1049.62px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x312"</span>></span>1053.0px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x313"</span>></span>1056.37px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x314"</span>></span>1059.75px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x315"</span>></span>1063.12px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x316"</span>></span>1066.5px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x317"</span>></span>1069.87px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x318"</span>></span>1073.25px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x319"</span>></span>1076.62px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"x320"</span>></span>1080px<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dimen</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li></ul>      

無論在什麼分辨率下,x320都是代表螢幕寬度,y480都是代表螢幕高度。

那麼,我們應該如何使用呢?

首先,我們要把生成的所有values檔案夾放到res目錄下,當設計師把UI高清設計圖給你之後,你就可以根據設計圖上的尺寸,以某一個分辨率的機型為基礎,找到對應像素數的機關,然後設定給控件即可。

下圖還是兩個Button,不同的是,我們把機關換成了我們在values檔案夾下dimen的值,這樣在你指定的分辨率下,不管寬度是320dp、360dp,還是410dp,就都可以完全适配了。

Android螢幕适配全攻略(最權威的官方适配指導) Android螢幕适配出現的原因 重要概念 解決方案

但是,還是有個問題,為什麼下面的三個沒有适配呢?

這是因為由于在生成的values檔案夾裡,沒有對應的分辨率,其實一開始是報錯的,因為預設的values沒有對應dimen,是以我隻能在預設values裡面也建立對應檔案,但是裡面的資料卻不好處理,因為不知道分辨率,我隻好預設為x1=1dp保證盡量相容。這也是這個解決方案的幾個弊端,對于沒有生成對應分辨率檔案的手機,會使用預設values檔案夾,如果預設檔案夾沒有,就會出現問題。

是以說,這個方案雖然是一勞永逸,但是由于實際上還是使用的px作為長度的度量機關,是以多少和google的要求有所背離,不好說以後會不會出現什麼不可預測的問題。其次,如果要使用這個方案,你必須盡可能多的包含所有的分辨率,因為這個是使用這個方案的基礎,如果有分辨率缺少,會造成顯示效果很差,甚至出錯的風險,而這又勢必會增加軟體包的大小和維護的難度,是以大家自己斟酌,擇優使用。

更多資訊可參考鴻洋的新文章Android 螢幕适配方案

提供備用位圖

由于 Android 可在具有各種螢幕密度的裝置上運作,是以我們提供的位圖資源應始終可以滿足各類普遍密度範圍的要求:低密度、中等密度、高密度以及超高密度。這将有助于我們的圖檔在所有螢幕密度上都能得到出色的品質和效果。

要生成這些圖檔,我們應先提取矢量格式的原始資源,然後根據以下尺寸範圍針對各密度生成相應的圖檔。

  • xhdpi:2.0
  • hdpi:1.5
  • mdpi:1.0(最低要求)
  • ldpi:0.75

也就是說,如果我們為 xhdpi 裝置生成了 200x200 px尺寸的圖檔,就應該使用同一資源為 hdpi、mdpi 和 ldpi 裝置分别生成 150x150、100x100 和 75x75 尺寸的圖檔。

然後,将生成的圖檔檔案放在 res/ 下的相應子目錄中(mdpi、hdpi、xhdpi、xxhdpi),系統就會根據運作您應用的裝置的螢幕密度自動選擇合适的圖檔。

這樣一來,隻要我們引用 @drawable/id,系統都能根據相應螢幕的 dpi 選取合适的位圖。

還記得我們上面提到的圖示設計尺寸嗎?和這個其實是一個意思。

但是還有個問題需要注意下,如果是.9圖或者是不需要多個分辨率的圖檔,就放在drawable檔案夾即可,對應分辨率的圖檔要正确的放在合适的檔案夾,否則會造成圖檔拉伸等問題。

實施自适應使用者界面流程

前面我們介紹過,如何根據裝置特點顯示恰當的布局,但是這樣做,會使得使用者界面流程可能會有所不同。例如,如果應用處于雙面闆模式下,點選左側面闆上的項即可直接在右側面闆上顯示相關内容;而如果該應用處于單面闆模式下,點選相關的内容應該跳轉到另外一個Activity進行後續的處理。是以我們應該按照下面的流程,一步步的完成自适應界面的實作。

确定目前布局

由于每種布局的實施都會稍有不同,是以我們需要先确定目前向使用者顯示的布局。例如,我們可以先了解使用者所處的是“單面闆”模式還是“雙面闆”模式。要做到這一點,可以通過查詢指定視圖是否存在以及是否已顯示出來。

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">NewsReaderActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">FragmentActivity</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> mIsDualPane;

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main_layout);

        View articleView = findViewById(R.id.article);
        mIsDualPane = articleView != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> &&
                        articleView.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>      

請注意,這段代碼用于查詢“報道”面闆是否可用,與針對具體布局的寫死查詢相比,這段代碼的靈活性要大得多。

再舉一個适應各種元件的存在情況的方法示例:在對這些元件執行操作前先檢視它們是否可用。例如,新聞閱讀器示例應用中有一個用于打開菜單的按鈕,但隻有在版本低于 3.0 的 Android 上運作該應用時,這個按鈕才會存在,因為 API 級别 11 或更進階别中的 ActionBar 已取代了該按鈕的功能。是以,您可以使用以下代碼為此按鈕添加事件偵聽器:

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">Button catButton = (Button) findViewById(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.categorybutton</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
OnClickListener listener = <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* create your listener here */</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
if (catButton != null) {
    catButton<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setOnClickListener</span>(listener)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>      

根據目前布局做出響應

有些操作可能會因目前的具體布局而産生不同的結果。例如,在新聞閱讀器示例中,如果使用者界面處于雙面闆模式下,那麼點選标題清單中的标題就會在右側面闆中打開相應報道;但如果使用者界面處于單面闆模式下,那麼上述操作就會啟動一個獨立活動:

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">@Override
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onHeadlineSelected(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">index</span>) {
    mArtIndex = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">index</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (mIsDualPane) {
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* display article on the right pane */</span>
        mArticleFragment.displayArticle(mCurrentCat.getArticle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">index</span>));
    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* start a separate activity */</span>
        Intent intent = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, ArticleActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"catIndex"</span>, mCatIndex);
        intent.putExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"artIndex"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">index</span>);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

同樣,如果該應用處于雙面闆模式下,就應設定帶導航标簽的操作欄;但如果該應用處于單面闆模式下,就應使用下拉菜單設定導航欄。是以我們的代碼還應确定哪種情況比較合适:

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">final String CATEGORIES[] = { <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"熱門報道"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"政治"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"經濟"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Technology"</span> }<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ....
    if (mIsDualPane) {
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* use tabs for navigation */</span>
        actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setNavigationMode</span>(android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.app</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ActionBar</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.NAVIGATION</span>_MODE_TABS)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        int i<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        for (i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; i < CATEGORIES.length; i++) {</span>
            actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.addTab</span>(actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.newTab</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setText</span>(
                CATEGORIES[i])<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setTabListener</span>(handler))<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        }
        actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setSelectedNavigationItem</span>(selTab)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
    }
    else {
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* use list navigation (spinner) */</span>
        actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setNavigationMode</span>(android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.app</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ActionBar</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.NAVIGATION</span>_MODE_LIST)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        SpinnerAdapter adap = new ArrayAdapter(this,
                R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.layout</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.headline</span>_item, CATEGORIES)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        actionBar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setListNavigationCallbacks</span>(adap, handler)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li></ul>      

重複使用其他活動中的片段

多螢幕設計中的重複模式是指,對于某些螢幕配置,已實施界面的一部分會用作面闆;但對于其他配置,這部分就會以獨立活動的形式存在。例如,在新聞閱讀器示例中,對于較大的螢幕,新聞報道文本會顯示在右側面闆中;但對于較小的螢幕,這些文本就會以獨立活動的形式存在。

在類似情況下,通常可以在多個活動中重複使用相同的 Fragment 子類以避免代碼重複。例如,在雙面闆布局中使用了 ArticleFragment:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:orientation</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"horizontal"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/headlines"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.HeadlinesFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"400dp"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_marginRight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"10dp"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">fragment</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/article"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.example.android.newsreader.ArticleFragment"</span>
              <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"fill_parent"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">LinearLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

然後又在小螢幕的Activity布局中重複使用了它 :

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">ArticleFragment frag = new ArticleFragment()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
getSupportFragmentManager()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.beginTransaction</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.add</span>(android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.R</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.content</span>, frag)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.commit</span>()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>      

當然,這與在 XML 布局中聲明片段的效果是一樣的,但在這種情況下卻沒必要使用 XML 布局,因為報道片段是此活動中的唯一元件。

請務必在設計片段時注意,不要針對具體活動建立強耦合。要做到這一點,通常可以定義一個接口,該接口概括了相關片段與其主活動互動所需的全部方式,然後讓主活動實施該界面:

例如,新聞閱讀器應用的 HeadlinesFragment 會精确執行以下代碼:

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HeadlinesFragment</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ListFragment</span> {</span>
    ...
    OnHeadlineSelectedListener mHeadlineSelectedListener = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Must be implemented by host activity */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">OnHeadlineSelectedListener</span> {</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onHeadlineSelected</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> index);
    }
    ...

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setOnHeadlineSelectedListener</span>(OnHeadlineSelectedListener listener) {
        mHeadlineSelectedListener = listener;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>      

然後,如果使用者選擇某個标題,相關片段就會通知由主活動指定的偵聽器(而不是通知某個寫死的具體活動):

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HeadlinesFragment</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ListFragment</span> {</span>
    ...
    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onItemClick</span>(AdapterView<?> parent,
                            View view, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> position, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> id) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> != mHeadlineSelectedListener) {
            mHeadlineSelectedListener.onHeadlineSelected(position);
        }
    }
    ...
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>      

除此之外,我們還可以使用第三方架構,比如說使用“訂閱-釋出”模式的EventBus來更多的優化元件之間的通信,減少耦合。

處理螢幕配置變化

如果我們使用獨立Activity實施界面的獨立部分,那麼請注意,我們可能需要對特定配置變化(例如螢幕方向的變化)做出響應,以便保持界面的一緻性。

例如,在運作 Android 3.0 或更高版本的标準 7 英寸平闆電腦上,如果新聞閱讀器示例應用運作在縱向模式下,就會在使用獨立活動顯示新聞報道;但如果該應用運作在橫向模式下,就會使用雙面闆布局。

也就是說,如果使用者處于縱向模式下且螢幕上顯示的是用于閱讀報道的活動,那麼就需要在檢測到螢幕方向變化(變成橫向模式)後執行相應操作,即停止上述活動并傳回主活動,以便在雙面闆布局中顯示相關内容:

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ArticleActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">FragmentActivity</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> mCatIndex, mArtIndex;

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mCatIndex = getIntent().getExtras().getInt(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"catIndex"</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);
        mArtIndex = getIntent().getExtras().getInt(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"artIndex"</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// If should be in two-pane mode, finish to return to main activity</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.has_two_panes)) {
            finish();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span>;
        }
        ...
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>      

通過上面幾個步驟,我們就完全可以建立一個可以根據使用者界面配置進行自适應的App了。

最佳實踐

關于高清設計圖尺寸

Google官方給出的高清設計圖尺寸有兩種方案,一種是以mdpi設計,然後對應放大得到更高分辨率的圖檔,另外一種則是以高分辨率作為設計大小,然後按照倍數對應縮小到小分辨率的圖檔。

根據經驗,我更推薦第二種方法,因為小分辨率在生成高分辨率圖檔的時候,會出現像素丢失,我不知道是不是有方法可以阻止這種情況發生。

而分辨率可以以1280*720或者是1960*1080作為主要分辨率進行設計。

ImageView的ScaleType屬性

設定不同的ScaleType會得到不同的顯示效果,一般情況下,設定為centerCrop能獲得較好的适配效果。

動态設定

有一些情況下,我們需要動态的設定控件大小或者是位置,比如說popwindow的顯示位置和偏移量等,這個時候我們可以動态的擷取目前的螢幕屬性,然後設定合适的數值

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> ScreenSizeUtil {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getScreenWidth</span>(Activity activity) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getScreenHeight</span>(Activity activity) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();
    }

}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>      

更多參考資料

  • chan奕迅(設計師角度)
  • 友盟移動指數(最新的移動裝置統計資訊)
  • 手機螢幕資訊大全

轉載:http://blog.csdn.net/zhaokaiqiang1992