Linux下使用VSCode,GCC,OpenOCD實作STM32一鍵編譯燒錄調試（CMake篇）

Linux下使用VSCode開發STM32（二）

• 一. 開發工具安裝
• 二. 測試工程簡介
• 三. CMake工具
• • 1. CMakeLists.txt
  • 2. 生成Makefile
  • 3. make編譯
• 四. json腳本實作一鍵編譯燒錄調試
• • 1. launch.json
  • 2. task.json
  • 3. 一鍵編譯調試
• 五. 工程代碼下載下傳

一. 開發工具安裝

工具安裝和使用參考：

Linux下使用VSCode,GCC,OpenOCD實作STM32一鍵編譯燒錄調試（STM32CubeMX篇）

二. 測試工程簡介

此文使用STM32的标準外設庫（STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver）編寫點燈測試代碼，其中有3個檔案是從STM32CubeMX篇複制過來的：

• startup_stm32f427xx.s

  由于編譯器與MDK内置的不同，是以啟動檔案要用GCC專用的

• STM32F427VGTx_FLASH.ld

  用于連接配接檔案，CMake要用到

• STM32F427x.svd

  用于調試時可以直覺地看到MCU各個外設的狀态

三. CMake工具

CMake是一個跨平台的安裝（編譯）工具，可以用簡單的語句來描述所有平台的安裝(編譯過程)。他能夠輸出各種各樣的makefile或者project檔案，使用方法參考：CMake tutorial

1. CMakeLists.txt

這裡貼出CMake最重要的檔案CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
project(test02)

#以下用于屏蔽 error: unrecognized command line option ‘-rdynamic’
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_LINK_C_FLAGS "")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_LINK_CXX_FLAGS "")

#指定編譯工具
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "arm-none-eabi-gcc")
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "arm-none-eabi-g++")
set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER "arm-none-eabi-gcc")
set(CMAKE_AR "arm-none-eabi-ar")
set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY "arm-none-eabi-objcopy")
set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP "arm-none-eabi-objdump")
set(CMAKE_SIZE "arm-none-eabi-size")

#編譯相關選項
set(MCU_FLAGS "-mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${MCU_FLAGS} -Wall -Wno-unknown-pragmas") #-w -Wall
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "-O0 -g2 -ggdb")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O3")
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
#set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release")

#設定宏定義，對應MDK裡Target Options裡的選項
add_definitions(-DUSE_STDPERIPH_DRIVER -DSTM32F427X)

#設定工程包含目前目錄
#set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
#設定頭檔案包含目錄
include_directories(
    .
    CMSIS
    CMSIS/Include
    STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/inc
)

#startup檔案是STM32CubeMX生成的
ENABLE_LANGUAGE(ASM)
set(SRC_STARTUP "CMSIS/startup_stm32f427xx.s")
aux_source_directory(. SRC_MAIN)
aux_source_directory(CMSIS/ SRC_CMSIS)
aux_source_directory(STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/src/ SRC_STD_LIB)

#連接配接生成，ld檔案是STM32CubeMX生成的
set(LINKER_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/STM32F427VGTx_FLASH.ld")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
"-specs=nosys.specs -T${LINKER_SCRIPT} -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections"
)

#生成可執行檔案
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${SRC_STARTUP} ${SRC_MAIN} ${SRC_CMSIS} ${SRC_STD_LIB})

set(ELF_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.elf)
set(HEX_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex)
set(BIN_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin)

add_custom_command(TARGET "${PROJECT_NAME}.elf" POST_BUILD
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Obinary ${ELF_FILE} ${BIN_FILE}
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Oihex  ${ELF_FILE} ${HEX_FILE}
    COMMENT "Building ${PROJECT_NAME}.bin and ${PROJECT_NAME}.hex"

    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${HEX_FILE} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex"
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${BIN_FILE} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin"

    COMMAND ${CMAKE_SIZE} --format=berkeley ${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${PROJECT_NAME}.hex
    COMMENT "Invoking: Cross ARM GNU Print Size"
)

           

有幾點需要注意：

• 調試STM32需要設定成調試模式

  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")

• 頭檔案包含路徑需要填寫完整

  include_directories()

• 源檔案用

  aux_source_directory()

  的方式打包整個目錄
• 為了讓cmake識别啟動檔案，需要

  ENABLE_LANGUAGE(ASM)

• 設定連結腳本檔案，注意存放的位置

  set(LINKER_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/STM32F427VGTx_FLASH.ld")

2. 生成Makefile

進入build目錄

cd build

然後輸入

cmake ..

，成功生成Makefile

3. make編譯

在build目錄直接執行

make

指令，開始編譯并生成可執行檔案

然後再利用openocd燒錄進STM32闆子驗證即可，具體操作參考STM32CubeMX篇

四. json腳本實作一鍵編譯燒錄調試

1. launch.json

内容與STM32CubeMX篇一樣

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Cortex Debug",
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "executable": "./build/test01.elf",
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "servertype": "openocd",
            "configFiles": [
                "interface/stlink-v2.cfg",
                "target/stm32f4x.cfg"
            ],
            "armToolchainPath": "/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major/bin",
            "svdFile": "STM32F427x.svd",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build"
        }
    ]
}
           

2. task.json

這裡與STM32CubeMX篇不同，用到了兩條指令

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "options": {
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "cmake",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cmake",
            "args": [".."]
        },
        {
            "label": "make",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "make",
        },
        {
            "label": "Build",
            "dependsOrder": "sequence",
            "dependsOn":[
                "cmake",
                "make"
            ],
        }
    ]
}
           

3. 一鍵編譯調試

按F5直接自動編譯調試

五. 工程代碼下載下傳

Linux下開發STM32測試工程(STM32CubeMX篇和CMake篇)