vagrant上安裝ubuntuvagrantboxinstancevagrant up網絡記憶體&CPU

vagrant

apt install vagrant
           

box

官網

可以去官網查找需要的box

vagrant box add generic/ubuntu1804
           

執行上面的指令可以下載下傳一個box，這裡會有一個重定向的過程，實際上檔案是從提供方的伺服器上下載下傳，而不是vagrant的伺服器上下載下傳。并且這裡不像docker一樣有官方的服務，都是第三方提供。

這個box和docker裡image概念比較像。檔案會下載下傳到預設位置，也是使用類似aufs的檔案管理方式來應對多個執行個體

國内鏡像

以下載下傳ubuntu18.04為例

vagrant box add \
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box \
--name ubuntu/bionic
           

instance

建立一個空檔案夾，進去

vagrant init generic/ubuntu1804
           

如果是使用清華的box則執行下面的

vagrant init ubuntu/bionic
           

執行上面的指令後會在檔案夾裡建立一個Vagrantfile，這個檔案内容和網站一樣，隻是有更多的參數說明。全文如下：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu1804"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end
           

然後執行下面指令啟動

vagrant up
           

但是可能會報錯：

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Error while connecting to libvirt: Error making a connection to libvirt URI qemu:///system?no_verify=1&keyfile=/root/.ssh/id_rsa:
Call to virConnectOpen failed: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': No such file or directory
           

livirt

根據網上的方案執行下面指令安裝一個第三方庫

apt install -y libvirt-daemon-system
           

virtualbox

另一個方法是使用virtualbox

apt install -y virtualbox
apt install -y virtualbox-dkms
systemctl start virtualbox
           

vagrant up

啟動成功後控制台會列印一些資訊

通過vagrant ssh進入虛拟機，然後sudo su直接切換root賬号

網絡

通過修改Vagrantfile寫入下面兩行開啟dhcp擷取獨立ip的形式（第二行是本來就由，取消注釋就可以了），更多功能參見官網

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.network "public_network",
    use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true
end
           

然後啟動的時候會提示使用哪個網卡，選實體網卡即可。啟動後使用ip a會看到三條記錄，除了lo就是一個nat和一個bridged。

記憶體&CPU

看上去vagrant使用的記憶體機關是M，可以通過打開Vagrantfile來修改記憶體和CPU

config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
  v.memory = 8192
  v.cpus = 2
end
           

主要下面end的注釋要打開。

更全面的配置（例如hostname）可以參考官網說明