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rest-framework架構學習之基本元件

先放document： http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/

序列化

建立一個序列化類

簡單使用

開發我們的Web API的第一件事是為我們的Web API提供一種将代碼片段執行個體序列化和反序列化為諸如json之類的表示形式的方式。我們可以通過聲明與Django forms非常相似的序列化器（serializers）來實作。

models部分:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

views部分：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
#from django.core import serializers
from rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(max_length=)
    price=serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date=serializers.DateField()
    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
    #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        temp=[]
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(author.name)
        return temp


class BookViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        # 序列化方式1:
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # import json
        # data=[]
        # for obj in book_list:
        #     data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # print(data)
        # return HttpResponse("ok")

        # 序列化方式2:
        # data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
        # return HttpResponse(data)

        # 序列化方式3:
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

ModelSerializer 

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          depth=

處理post請求 

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

重寫save中的create方法 

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          # exclude = ['authors',]
          # depth=1

      def create(self, validated_data):

          authors = validated_data.pop('authors')
          obj = Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
          obj.authors.add(*authors)
          return obj

單條資料的get和put請求 

class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

超連結API：Hyperlinked 

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      publish= serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
                     view_name='publish_detail',
                     lookup_field="publish_id",
                     lookup_url_kwarg="pk")
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1

urls部分：

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view(),name="book_list"),
    url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="book_detail"),
    url(r'^publishers/$', views.PublishViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_list"),
    url(r'^publishers/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.PublishDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_detail"),
]

視圖三部曲

使用mixins

使用原始CBV 

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers


from rest_framework import serializers


class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1


class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

      class Meta:
          model=Publish
          fields="__all__"
          depth=


class BookViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)


    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(request.data)
        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class PublishViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)


    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,pk):

        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

使用mixins 

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                  generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)



class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                    generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

使用通用的基于類的視圖

通過使用mixin類，我們使用更少的代碼重寫了這些視圖，但我們還可以再進一步。REST架構提供了一組已經混合好（mixed-in）的通用視圖，我們可以使用它來簡化我們的views.py子產品。

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

使用viewsets.ModelViewSet

views.py

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

urls.py

url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"),
    url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({
                'get': 'retrieve',
                'put': 'update',
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            }),name="book_detail"),

認證與權限元件

認證元件

局部視圖認證

在app01.service.auth.py:

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication

class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):

    def authenticate(self,request):
        token=request._request.GET.get("token")
        token_obj=UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not token_obj:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("驗證失敗!")
        return (token_obj.user,token_obj)

在views.py：

def get_random_str(user):
    import hashlib,time
    ctime=str(time.time())

    md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
    md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))

    return md5.hexdigest()


from app01.service.auth import *

from django.http import JsonResponse
class LoginViewSet(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [Authentication,]
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        res={"code":,"msg":None}
        try:
            user=request._request.POST.get("user")
            pwd=request._request.POST.get("pwd")
            user_obj=UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
            print(user,pwd,user_obj)
            if not user_obj:
                res["code"]=
                res["msg"]="使用者名或者密碼錯誤"
            else:
                token=get_random_str(user)
                UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user_obj,defaults={"token":token})
                res["token"]=token

        except Exception as e:
            res["code"]=
            res["msg"]=e

        return JsonResponse(res,json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii":False})

全局視圖認證元件

settings.py配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}

權限元件

局部視圖權限

在app01.service.permissions.py中：

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
    message="SVIP才能通路!"
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if request.user.user_type==:
            return True
        return False

在views.py：

from app01.service.permissions import *

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局視圖權限

settings.py配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",]
}

throttle(通路頻率)元件

局部視圖throttle

在app01.service.throttles.py中：

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle

VISIT_RECORD={}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):

    def __init__(self):
        self.history=None

    def allow_request(self,request,view):
        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        print(remote_addr)
        import time
        ctime=time.time()

        if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
            VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
            return True

        history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
        self.history=history

        while history and history[-]<ctime-:
            history.pop()

        if len(history)<:
            history.insert(,ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def wait(self):
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        return -(ctime-self.history[-])

在views.py中：

from app01.service.throttles import *

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局視圖throttle 

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",]
}

内置throttle類

在app01.service.throttles.py修改為：

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):

    scope="visit_rate"
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):

        return self.get_ident(request)

settings.py設定：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
        "visit_rate":"5/m",
    }
}

解析器

局部視圖 

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("request.data",request.data)
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

全局視圖 

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
        "visit_rate":"5/m",
    },
    "DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES":['rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',]
}

分頁

簡單分頁 

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination

class PNPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 
        page_query_param = 'page'
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        pp=LimitOffsetPagination()
        pager_books=pp.paginate_queryset(queryset=book_list,request=request,view=self)
        print(pager_books)
        bs=BookSerializers(pager_books,many=True)

        #return Response(bs.data)
        return pp.get_paginated_response(bs.data)

https://blog.csdn.net/l_vip/article/details/79156113

https://github.com/jianshijiuyou/django-rest-framework-api-guide

https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/7805382.html

https://blog.csdn.net/l_vip/article/details/79142105

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