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Linux下poll機制

int poll(struct pollfd *fds,nfds_t nfds, int timeout);

總的來說,Poll機制會判斷fds中的檔案是否可讀,如果可讀則會立即傳回,傳回的值就是可讀fd的數量,如果不可讀,那麼就程序就會休眠timeout這麼長的時間,然後再來判斷是否有檔案可讀,如果有,傳回fd的數量,如果沒有,則傳回0.  

在核心中大緻上實作過程:

當應用程式調用poll函數的時候,會調用到系統調用sys_poll函數,該函數最終調用do_poll函數,do_poll函數中有一個死循 環,在裡面又會利用do_pollfd函數去調用驅動中的poll函數(fds中每個成員的字元驅動程式都會被掃描到),驅動程式中的Poll函數的工作 有兩個,一個就是調用poll_wait 函數,把程序挂到等待隊列中去(這個是必須的,你要睡眠,必須要在一個等待隊列上面,否則到哪裡去喚醒你呢??),另一個是确定相關的fd是否有内容可 讀,如果可讀,就傳回1,否則傳回0,如果傳回1 ,do_poll函數中的count++,    然後  do_poll函數然後判斷三個條件(if (count ||!timeout || signal_pending(current)))如果成立就直接跳出,如果不成立,就睡眠timeout個jiffes這麼長的時間(調用schedule_timeout實作睡眠),如果在這段時間内沒有其他程序去喚醒它,那麼第二次執行判斷的時候就會跳出死循環。如果在這段時間内有其他程序喚醒它,那麼也可以跳出死循環傳回(例如我們可以利用中斷處理函數去喚醒它,這樣的話一有資料可讀,就可以讓它立即傳回)。

驅動代碼:

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/delay.h>

#include <linux/irq.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include <asm/irq.h>

#include <asm/io.h>

#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>

#include <asm/hardware.h>

#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *forthdrv_class;

static struct class_device *forthdrv_class_dev;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

static volatile int ev_press = 0;

struct pin_desc{

unsigned int pin;

unsigned int key_val;

};

static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {

{S3C2410_GPG0, 0x01},

{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x02},

{S3C2410_GPG5, 0x03},

{S3C2410_GPG6, 0x04},

};

static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)

{

struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;

unsigned int pinval;

pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

if (pinval)

{

key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;

}

else

{

key_val = pindesc->key_val;

}

    ev_press = 1;                  

    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);  

return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);

}

static int forth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

request_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);

request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);

request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);

request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;

}

ssize_t forth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)

{

if (size != 1)

return -EINVAL;

wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);

ev_press = 0;

return 1;

}

int forth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

free_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  &pins_desc[0]);

free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);

free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);

free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;

}

static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)

{

unsigned int mask = 0;

poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不會立即休眠

if (ev_press)

mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;//有POLLIN 時主動傳回

return mask;

}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {

    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    

    .open    =  forth_drv_open,     

.read =forth_drv_read,  

.release =  forth_drv_close,

.poll    =  forth_drv_poll,

};

int major;

static int forth_drv_init(void)

{

major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

forthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "forth_drv");

forthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(forthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons");

return 0;

}

static void forth_drv_exit(void)

{

unregister_chrdev(major, "forth_drv");

class_device_unregister(forthdrv_class_dev);

class_destroy(forthdrv_class);

// iounmap(gpfcon);

return 0;

}

module_init(forth_drv_init);

module_exit(forth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

測試程式:

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <poll.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

int fd;

unsigned char key_val;

int ret;

struct pollfd fds[1]; //掃描1個poll程序

fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);

if (fd < 0)

{

printf("can't open!\n");

}

fds[0].fd     = fd;

fds[0].events = POLLIN;//期待得到POLLIN

while (1)

{

ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);//檔案名、檔案個數、逾時時間(毫秒)

if (ret == 0)

{

printf("time out\n");//傳回0:有逾時

}

else

{

read(fd, &key_val, 1);

printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);

}

}

return 0;

}

結果:如果沒按鍵按下5s傳回一次,有按鍵按下時poll立即傳回

Linux下poll機制
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