int poll(struct pollfd *fds,nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
總的來說,Poll機制會判斷fds中的檔案是否可讀,如果可讀則會立即傳回,傳回的值就是可讀fd的數量,如果不可讀,那麼就程序就會休眠timeout這麼長的時間,然後再來判斷是否有檔案可讀,如果有,傳回fd的數量,如果沒有,則傳回0.
在核心中大緻上實作過程:
當應用程式調用poll函數的時候,會調用到系統調用sys_poll函數,該函數最終調用do_poll函數,do_poll函數中有一個死循 環,在裡面又會利用do_pollfd函數去調用驅動中的poll函數(fds中每個成員的字元驅動程式都會被掃描到),驅動程式中的Poll函數的工作 有兩個,一個就是調用poll_wait 函數,把程序挂到等待隊列中去(這個是必須的,你要睡眠,必須要在一個等待隊列上面,否則到哪裡去喚醒你呢??),另一個是确定相關的fd是否有内容可 讀,如果可讀,就傳回1,否則傳回0,如果傳回1 ,do_poll函數中的count++, 然後 do_poll函數然後判斷三個條件(if (count ||!timeout || signal_pending(current)))如果成立就直接跳出,如果不成立,就睡眠timeout個jiffes這麼長的時間(調用schedule_timeout實作睡眠),如果在這段時間内沒有其他程序去喚醒它,那麼第二次執行判斷的時候就會跳出死循環。如果在這段時間内有其他程序喚醒它,那麼也可以跳出死循環傳回(例如我們可以利用中斷處理函數去喚醒它,這樣的話一有資料可讀,就可以讓它立即傳回)。
驅動代碼:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *forthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *forthdrv_class_dev;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
static unsigned char key_val;
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPG0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG5, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG6, 0x04},
};
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1;
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int forth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
request_irq(IRQ_EINT8, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t forth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int forth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT8, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不會立即休眠
if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;//有POLLIN 時主動傳回
return mask;
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = forth_drv_open,
.read =forth_drv_read,
.release = forth_drv_close,
.poll = forth_drv_poll,
};
int major;
static int forth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
forthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "forth_drv");
forthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(forthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons");
return 0;
}
static void forth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "forth_drv");
class_device_unregister(forthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(forthdrv_class);
// iounmap(gpfcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(forth_drv_init);
module_exit(forth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
測試程式:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
struct pollfd fds[1]; //掃描1個poll程序
fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}
fds[0].fd = fd;
fds[0].events = POLLIN;//期待得到POLLIN
while (1)
{
ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);//檔案名、檔案個數、逾時時間(毫秒)
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("time out\n");//傳回0:有逾時
}
else
{
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
}
return 0;
}
結果:如果沒按鍵按下5s傳回一次,有按鍵按下時poll立即傳回
