由于旋轉機械結構複雜，故障特征及原因普遍存在模糊性和複雜性，對其實施故障診斷比較困難。下面小編整理了關于機械的英國文章，希望大家喜歡!
關于機械的英國文章摘抄
Features of CNC control
CNC的控制特點
In previous the important features and functions of the machine control unit in numerical control were described.
在前面對數控機床控制單元的重要特征和功能進行了描述。
CNC has made possible additional features beyond what is normally found in a conventional hard-wired MCU. Some of these features include the following:
數控已經超出了通常在傳統的硬連線的單片機中可能發現的附加功能。其中一些功能包括以下内容?
1*** Storage of more than one part program.
存儲多個零件程式
With improvements in computer technology, many of the newer CNC controllers have a large enough capacity to store more than a single program.
随着計算機技術的改進,許多新的CNC控制器有一個足夠大的容量來存儲大于一個單一的程式。
This translates into the capability to store either one very large program or several small and medium-sized programs.
這能力意味着存儲成功其中一個非常大的程式或幾個小型和中型項目。
2*** Use of diskettes.
使用軟碟
There is a growing use of floppy disks for part programs in manufacturing. The capacity of an 8-in.
有越來越多的軟碟制造業中的部分程式使用8合一的能力。
Diskette is the approximate equivalent of 8,000 ft of punched tape. Because of this more modern storage technology, many CNC controllers have the optional capability to read in programs
stored on disks as well as punched tape.
軟碟是大緻相當于8000英尺紙帶。因為這更現代的存儲技術,許多CNC控制器可選的閱讀能力在磁盤上以及紙帶存儲方案。
3*** Program editing at the machine tool site.機床網站編輯計劃 To deal with the mistakes in part programming, CNC systems permit the program to be edited while it is in computer memory.
為了解決部分程式設計的錯誤,數控系統允許程式編輯,而它是在計算機記憶體中。
Hence, the process of testing and correcting the program can be done entirely at the machine site rather than returning to the programming office in the shop to make the tape corrections.
是以,完全可以在機器網站中測試和糾正計劃的過程,而不是去店裡的程式設計辦公室進行錄音帶更正
In addition to part program corrections, editing can also be done to optimize the cutting conditions of the machining cycle.
除了部分程式更正,編輯也可以進行對切削條件下加工周期的優化。
After correcting and optimizing the program, a tape punch can be connected to the CNC controller in order to obtain a revised version of the tape for future use.
糾正和優化方案後,紙帶穿孔機可以連接配接到CNC控制器,以獲得供将來使用的錄音帶的修訂版本。
關于機械的英國文章鑒賞
Fixed cycles and programming subroutines.
固定周期和程式設計子程式
The increased memory capacity and the ability to program the control computer in CNCprovides the opportunity to store frequently use machining cycles in memory that can be calledby the part
program Instead of writing the instructions for the particular cycle into everyprogram, a code is written into the program to indicate that the cycle should be execute.
增加記憶體容量和能力,在數控程式設計控制計算機提供了機會來存儲經常使用在記錄中的加工,而是寫入到特定周期的指令,每一個程式的一部分程式,可以稱為周期,寫入代碼到程式表明周期應當執行。
Some of these cycles require the definition of certain parameters in order to execute.
這些周期需要通過某些參數的定義來執行。
An example is a bolt hole circle, in which the diameter of the bolt circle, the spacing of thebolt holes, and other parameters must be specified. In other cases, the particular machiningcycle
used by the shop would not require parameter definition.
例如螺栓孔圓形,螺栓圈的直徑,其中必須指定螺栓孔和其他參數的間距。在其他情況下,特别是加工店使用的周期并不需要參數的定義。
Interpolation.
插值
Some of the interpolation schemes are normally executed only on a CNC system because ofthe computational requirements.
一些插值計劃通常僅由于數控系統計算的要求而執行。
Linear and circular interpolation are often hard-wired into the control unit.
直線和圓弧插補往往很難連接配接到控制單元。
Helical, parabolic, and cubic interpolations are usually executed in a stored program algorithm.
螺旋線,抛物線,立方插值通常作為存儲程式的算法。
Positioning features for setup.
定位功能設定
Setting up the machine tool for a certain job involves installing and aligning the fixture on themachine tool table.
機床設定了一定量的工作,包括安裝和對準夾具在機床的工作台上。
This must be accomplished so that the machine axes are aligned with the workpart.
這必須完成使機器軸與工件對齊。
The alignment task can be facilitated using certain features that are made possible by softwareoptions in a CNC system.
使用某些功能,可能是數控系統軟體的選項,可以促進對齊任務的完成
Position set is one of these features. With position set, the operator is not required to positionthe fixture on the machine table with extreme accuracy.
位置設定是這些功能之一,通過位置設定,操作者并不需要極高的精度與定位夾具上的機械表格。
Instead, the machine tool axes are referenced to the location of the fixture by using a targetpoint or set of target points on the work or fixture.
相反,機床軸可通過目标點或工作和夾具上的目标點來參考夾具的位置。
關于機械的英國文章賞析
Cutter length compensation.
刀具長度補償
This is similar to the preceding feature but applies to tool length and diameter.
這是類似上述的功能，但适用于刀具長度和直徑。
In older-style controls, the cutter dimensions had to be set very precisely in order to agree withthe tool path defined in the part program.
在老式的控制中，刀具尺寸設定非常精确，以完成在零件程式中刀具路徑的定義。
Other methods for ensuring accurate tool path definition have been incorporated into newerCNC controls. One method involves manually entering the actual tool dimensions into the MCU.
確定刀具路徑定義的其他方法已納入新的數控系統。其中一種方法涉及到手動輸入刀具的實際尺寸到MCU中。
These actual dimensions may differ from those originally programmed.
最初的程式設計時這些實際尺寸可能會有所不同。
Compensations are then automatically made in the computed tool path.
通過補償，然後自動計算刀具路徑。
Another more recent innovation is to use a tool length sensor built into the machine. In thismethod, the cutter is mounted in the spindle and brought into contact with the sensor tomeasure
its length.
另一個更加新近的創新是使用機器内置的刀具長度傳感器。在此方法中，刀具安裝在主軸和傳感器之間來測量其長度。
This measured value is then used to correct the programmed tool path.
然後用此測量值糾正程式設計路徑。
Diagnostics.
診斷
Many modern CNC machines possess an no-line diagnostics capability which monitors certainaspects of the machine tool and MCU operation to detect malfunctions or signs of
impendingmalfunctions.
許多現代的數控機床具有無線診斷監控機床某些方面的能力和通過MCU操作檢測到故障或即将發生故障的迹象。
When a malfunction is detected, or measurements indicate that a breakdown is about to occur,a message is displayed on the controller’s CRT monitor. Depending on the seriousness of
themalfunction, the system can be stopped or maintenance can be scheduled for a nonproductionshift.
當檢測到故障，或測量表明即将發生故障時，控制器的CRT顯示器上會顯示一條消息。根據故障的嚴重性，該系統可以停止或維修，可定為非生産性轉移。
Another use of the diagnostics capability is to help the repair crew determine the reason fora break down of the machine tool.
診斷能力的另一個用途是幫助維修人員确定機床出問題的原因。
One of the biggest problems when a machine failure occurs is often in diagnosing the reason forthe breakdown.
一台機器發生故障時最大的難題經常就是如何診斷故障原因。
By monitoring and analyzing its own operation, the system can determine and communicatethe reason for the failure.
系統可以通過自身的運作的監測和分析，判斷和通報失敗的原因。
Communications interface.
通訊接口
With the trend toward interfacing and networking in plants today, most modern CNCcontrollers are equipped with a standard communication interface to allow the particularmachine tool to be
linked to other computers and computer-driven devices.
在現時，樹狀網絡中的網絡接口和走向與趨勢，最先進的CNC控制器配備了一個标準的通信接口，以允許特定的機床被其他計算機和計算機驅動裝置。