國慶沒事，想看看最少多少行可以寫一個人機對戰起來遊戲，于是有了這個Python版五子棋人機對戰，僅僅幾百行。
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys, time
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# chessboard: 棋盤類，簡單從字元串加載棋局或者導出字元串，判斷輸赢等
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class chessboard (object):
def __init__ (self, forbidden = 0):
self.__board = [ [0 for n in xrange(15)] for m in xrange(15) ]
self.__forbidden = forbidden
self.__dirs = ( (-1, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0), \
(1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, -1) )
self.DIRS = self.__dirs
self.won = {}
# 清空棋盤
def reset (self):
for j in xrange(15):
for i in xrange(15):
self.__board[i][j] = 0
return 0
# 索引器
def __getitem__ (self, row):
return self.__board[row]
# 将棋盤轉換成字元串
def __str__ (self):
text = ' A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O\n'
mark = ('. ', 'O ', 'X ')
nrow = 0
for row in self.__board:
line = ''.join([ mark[n] for n in row ])
text += chr(ord('A') + nrow) + ' ' + line
nrow += 1
if nrow < 15: text += '\n'
return text
# 轉成字元串
def __repr__ (self):
return self.__str__()
def get (self, row, col):
if row < 0 or row >= 15 or col < 0 or col >= 15:
return 0
return self.__board[row][col]
def put (self, row, col, x):
if row >= 0 and row < 15 and col >= 0 and col < 15:
self.__board[row][col] = x
return 0
# 判斷輸赢，傳回0（無輸赢），1（白棋赢），2（黑棋赢）
def check (self):
board = self.__board
dirs = ((1, -1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1))
for i in xrange(15):
for j in xrange(15):
if board[i][j] == 0: continue
id = board[i][j]
for d in dirs:
x, y = j, i
count = 0
for k in xrange(5):
if self.get(y, x) != id: break
y += d[0]
x += d[1]
count += 1
if count == 5:
self.won = {}
r, c = i, j
for z in xrange(5):
self.won[(r, c)] = 1
r += d[0]
c += d[1]
return id
return 0
# 傳回數組對象
def board (self):
return self.__board
# 導出棋局到字元串
def dumps (self):
import StringIO
sio = StringIO.StringIO()
board = self.__board
for i in xrange(15):
for j in xrange(15):
stone = board[i][j]
if stone != 0:
ti = chr(ord('A') + i)
tj = chr(ord('A') + j)
sio.write('%d:%s%s '%(stone, ti, tj))
return sio.getvalue()
# 從字元串加載棋局
def loads (self, text):
self.reset()
board = self.__board
for item in text.strip('\r\n\t ').replace(',', ' ').split(' '):
n = item.strip('\r\n\t ')
if not n: continue
n = n.split(':')
stone = int(n[0])
i = ord(n[1][0].upper()) - ord('A')
j = ord(n[1][1].upper()) - ord('A')
board[i][j] = stone
return 0
# 設定終端顔色
def console (self, color):
if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
try: import ctypes
except: return 0
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary('kernel32.dll')
GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
SetConsoleTextAttribute = kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
GetStdHandle.argtypes = [ ctypes.c_uint32 ]
GetStdHandle.restype = ctypes.c_size_t
SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = \
[ ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_uint16 ]
SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = ctypes.c_long
handle = GetStdHandle(0xfffffff5)
if color < 0: color = 7
result = 0
if (color & 1): result |= 4
if (color & 2): result |= 2
if (color & 4): result |= 1
if (color & 8): result |= 8
if (color & 16): result |= 64
if (color & 32): result |= 32
if (color & 64): result |= 16
if (color & 128): result |= 128
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, result)
else:
if color >= 0:
foreground = color & 7
background = (color >> 4) & 7
bold = color & 8
sys.stdout.write(" \033[%s3%d;4%dm"%(bold \
and "01;" or "", foreground, background))
sys.stdout.flush()
else:
sys.stdout.write(" \033[0m")
sys.stdout.flush()
return 0
# 彩色輸出
def show (self):
print ' A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O'
mark = ('. ', 'O ', 'X ')
nrow = 0
self.check()
color1 = 10
color2 = 13
for row in xrange(15):
print chr(ord('A') + row),
for col in xrange(15):
ch = self.__board[row][col]
if ch == 0:
self.console(-1)
print '.',
elif ch == 1:
if (row, col) in self.won:
self.console(9)
else:
self.console(10)
print 'O',
#self.console(-1)
elif ch == 2:
if (row, col) in self.won:
self.console(9)
else:
self.console(13)
print 'X',
#self.console(-1)
self.console(-1)
print ''
return 0
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# evaluation: 棋盤評估類，給目前棋盤打分用
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class evaluation (object):
def __init__ (self):
self.POS = []
for i in xrange(15):
row = [(7 - max(abs(i - 7), abs(j - 7))) for j in xrange(15)]
self.POS.append(tuple(row))
self.POS = tuple(self.POS)
self.STWO = 1 # 沖二
self.STHREE = 2 # 沖三
self.SFOUR = 3 # 沖四
self.TWO = 4 # 活二
self.THREE = 5 # 活三
self.FOUR = 6 # 活四
self.FIVE = 7 # 活五
self.DFOUR = 8 # 雙四
self.FOURT = 9 # 四三
self.DTHREE = 10 # 雙三
self.NOTYPE = 11
self.ANALYSED = 255 # 已經分析過
self.TODO = 0 # 沒有分析過
self.result = [0 for i in xrange(30)] # 儲存目前直線分析值
self.line = [0 for i in xrange(30)] # 目前直線資料
self.record = [] # 全盤分析結果 [row][col][方向]
for i in xrange(15):
self.record.append([])
self.record[i] = []
for j in xrange(15):
self.record[i].append([ 0, 0, 0, 0])
self.count = [] # 每種棋局的個數：count[黑棋/白棋][模式]
for i in xrange(3):
data = [ 0 for i in xrange(20) ]
self.count.append(data)
self.reset()
# 複位資料
def reset (self):
TODO = self.TODO
count = self.count
for i in xrange(15):
line = self.record[i]
for j in xrange(15):
line[j][0] = TODO
line[j][1] = TODO
line[j][2] = TODO
line[j][3] = TODO
for i in xrange(20):
count[0][i] = 0
count[1][i] = 0
count[2][i] = 0
return 0
# 四個方向（水準，垂直，左斜，右斜）分析評估棋盤，再根據結果打分
def evaluate (self, board, turn):
score = self.__evaluate(board, turn)
count = self.count
if score < -9000:
stone = turn == 1 and 2 or 1
for i in xrange(20):
if count[stone][i] > 0:
score -= i
elif score > 9000:
stone = turn == 1 and 2 or 1
for i in xrange(20):
if count[turn][i] > 0:
score += i
return score
# 四個方向（水準，垂直，左斜，右斜）分析評估棋盤，再根據結果打分
def __evaluate (self, board, turn):
record, count = self.record, self.count
TODO, ANALYSED = self.TODO, self.ANALYSED
self.reset()
# 四個方向分析
for i in xrange(15):
boardrow = board[i]
recordrow = record[i]
for j in xrange(15):
if boardrow[j] != 0:
if recordrow[j][0] == TODO: # 水準沒有分析過？
self.__analysis_horizon(board, i, j)
if recordrow[j][1] == TODO: # 垂直沒有分析過？
self.__analysis_vertical(board, i, j)
if recordrow[j][2] == TODO: # 左斜沒有分析過？
self.__analysis_left(board, i, j)
if recordrow[j][3] == TODO: # 右斜沒有分析過
self.__analysis_right(board, i, j)
FIVE, FOUR = self.FIVE, self.FOUR
THREE, TWO = self.THREE, self.TWO
SFOUR, STHREE, STWO = self.SFOUR, self.STHREE, self.STWO
check = {}
# 分别對白棋黑棋計算：FIVE, FOUR, THREE, TWO等出現的次數
for c in (FIVE, FOUR, SFOUR, THREE, STHREE, TWO, STWO):
check[c] = 1
for i in xrange(15):
for j in xrange(15):
stone = board[i][j]
if stone != 0:
for k in xrange(4):
ch = record[i][j][k]
if ch in check:
count[stone][ch] += 1
# 如果有五連則馬上傳回分數
BLACK, WHITE = 1, 2
if turn == WHITE: # 目前是白棋
if count[BLACK][FIVE]:
return -9999
if count[WHITE][FIVE]:
return 9999
else: # 目前是黑棋
if count[WHITE][FIVE]:
return -9999
if count[BLACK][FIVE]:
return 9999
# 如果存在兩個沖四，則相當于有一個活四
if count[WHITE][SFOUR] >= 2:
count[WHITE][FOUR] += 1
if count[BLACK][SFOUR] >= 2:
count[BLACK][FOUR] += 1
# 具體打分
wvalue, bvalue, win = 0, 0, 0
if turn == WHITE:
if count[WHITE][FOUR] > 0: return 9990
if count[WHITE][SFOUR] > 0: return 9980
if count[BLACK][FOUR] > 0: return -9970
if count[BLACK][SFOUR] and count[BLACK][THREE]:
return -9960
if count[WHITE][THREE] and count[BLACK][SFOUR] == 0:
return 9950
if count[BLACK][THREE] > 1 and \
count[WHITE][SFOUR] == 0 and \
count[WHITE][THREE] == 0 and \
count[WHITE][STHREE] == 0:
return -9940
if count[WHITE][THREE] > 1:
wvalue += 2000
elif count[WHITE][THREE]:
wvalue += 200
if count[BLACK][THREE] > 1:
bvalue += 500
elif count[BLACK][THREE]:
bvalue += 100
if count[WHITE][STHREE]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][STHREE] * 10
if count[BLACK][STHREE]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][STHREE] * 10
if count[WHITE][TWO]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][TWO] * 4
if count[BLACK][TWO]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][TWO] * 4
if count[WHITE][STWO]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][STWO]
if count[BLACK][STWO]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][STWO]
else:
if count[BLACK][FOUR] > 0: return 9990
if count[BLACK][SFOUR] > 0: return 9980
if count[WHITE][FOUR] > 0: return -9970
if count[WHITE][SFOUR] and count[WHITE][THREE]:
return -9960
if count[BLACK][THREE] and count[WHITE][SFOUR] == 0:
return 9950
if count[WHITE][THREE] > 1 and \
count[BLACK][SFOUR] == 0 and \
count[BLACK][THREE] == 0 and \
count[BLACK][STHREE] == 0:
return -9940
if count[BLACK][THREE] > 1:
bvalue += 2000
elif count[BLACK][THREE]:
bvalue += 200
if count[WHITE][THREE] > 1:
wvalue += 500
elif count[WHITE][THREE]:
wvalue += 100
if count[BLACK][STHREE]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][STHREE] * 10
if count[WHITE][STHREE]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][STHREE] * 10
if count[BLACK][TWO]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][TWO] * 4
if count[WHITE][TWO]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][TWO] * 4
if count[BLACK][STWO]:
bvalue += count[BLACK][STWO]
if count[WHITE][STWO]:
wvalue += count[WHITE][STWO]
# 加上位置權值，棋盤最中心點權值是7，往外一格-1，最外圈是0
wc, bc = 0, 0
for i in xrange(15):
for j in xrange(15):
stone = board[i][j]
if stone != 0:
if stone == WHITE:
wc += self.POS[i][j]
else:
bc += self.POS[i][j]
wvalue += wc
bvalue += bc
if turn == WHITE:
return wvalue - bvalue
return bvalue - wvalue
# 分析橫向
def __analysis_horizon (self, board, i, j):
line, result, record = self.line, self.result, self.record
TODO = self.TODO
for x in xrange(15):
line[x] = board[i][x]
self.analysis_line(line, result, 15, j)
for x in xrange(15):
if result[x] != TODO:
record[i][x][0] = result[x]
return record[i][j][0]
# 分析橫向
def __analysis_vertical (self, board, i, j):
line, result, record = self.line, self.result, self.record
TODO = self.TODO
for x in xrange(15):
line[x] = board[x][j]
self.analysis_line(line, result, 15, i)
for x in xrange(15):
if result[x] != TODO:
record[x][j][1] = result[x]
return record[i][j][1]
# 分析左斜
def __analysis_left (self, board, i, j):
line, result, record = self.line, self.result, self.record
TODO = self.TODO
if i < j: x, y = j - i, 0
else: x, y = 0, i - j
k = 0
while k < 15:
if x + k > 14 or y + k > 14:
break
line[k] = board[y + k][x + k]
k += 1
self.analysis_line(line, result, k, j - x)
for s in xrange(k):
if result[s] != TODO:
record[y + s][x + s][2] = result[s]
return record[i][j][2]
# 分析右斜
def __analysis_right (self, board, i, j):
line, result = self.line, self.result
record = self.record
TODO = self.TODO
if 14 - i < j: x, y, realnum = j - 14 + i, 14, 14 - i
else: x, y, realnum = 0, i + j, j
k = 0
while k < 15:
if x + k > 14 or y - k < 0:
break
line[k] = board[y - k][x + k]
k += 1
self.analysis_line(line, result, k, j - x)
for s in xrange(k):
if result[s] != TODO:
record[y - s][x + s][3] = result[s]
return record[i][j][3]
# 分析一條線：五四三二等棋型
def analysis_line (self, line, record, num, pos):
TODO, ANALYSED = self.TODO, self.ANALYSED
THREE, STHREE = self.THREE, self.STHREE
FOUR, SFOUR = self.FOUR, self.SFOUR
while len(line) < 30: line.append(0xf)
while len(record) < 30: record.append(TODO)
for i in xrange(num, 30):
line[i] = 0xf
for i in xrange(num):
record[i] = TODO
if num < 5:
for i in xrange(num):
record[i] = ANALYSED
return 0
stone = line[pos]
inverse = (0, 2, 1)[stone]
num -= 1
xl = pos
xr = pos
while xl > 0: # 探索左邊界
if line[xl - 1] != stone: break
xl -= 1
while xr < num: # 探索右邊界
if line[xr + 1] != stone: break
xr += 1
left_range = xl
right_range = xr
while left_range > 0: # 探索左邊範圍（非對方棋子的格子坐标）
if line[left_range - 1] == inverse: break
left_range -= 1
while right_range < num: # 探索右邊範圍
if line[right_range + 1] == inverse: break
right_range += 1
# 如果該直線範圍小于 5，則直接傳回
if right_range - left_range < 4:
for k in xrange(left_range, right_range + 1):
record[k] = ANALYSED
return 0
# 設定已經分析過
for k in xrange(xl, xr + 1):
record[k] = ANALYSED
srange = xr - xl
# 如果是 5連
if srange >= 4:
record[pos] = self.FIVE
return self.FIVE
# 如果是 4連
if srange == 3:
leftfour = False # 是否左邊是空格
if xl > 0:
if line[xl - 1] == 0: # 活四
leftfour = True
if xr < num:
if line[xr + 1] == 0:
if leftfour:
record[pos] = self.FOUR # 活四
else:
record[pos] = self.SFOUR # 沖四
else:
if leftfour:
record[pos] = self.SFOUR # 沖四
else:
if leftfour:
record[pos] = self.SFOUR # 沖四
return record[pos]
# 如果是 3連
if srange == 2: # 三連
left3 = False # 是否左邊是空格
if xl > 0:
if line[xl - 1] == 0: # 左邊有氣
if xl > 1 and line[xl - 2] == stone:
record[xl] = SFOUR
record[xl - 2] = ANALYSED
else:
left3 = True
elif xr == num or line[xr + 1] != 0:
return 0
if xr < num:
if line[xr + 1] == 0: # 右邊有氣
if xr < num - 1 and line[xr + 2] == stone:
record[xr] = SFOUR # XXX-X 相當于沖四
record[xr + 2] = ANALYSED
elif left3:
record[xr] = THREE
else:
record[xr] = STHREE
elif record[xl] == SFOUR:
return record[xl]
elif left3:
record[pos] = STHREE
else:
if record[xl] == SFOUR:
return record[xl]
if left3:
record[pos] = STHREE
return record[pos]
# 如果是 2連
if srange == 1: # 兩連
left2 = False
if xl > 2:
if line[xl - 1] == 0: # 左邊有氣
if line[xl - 2] == stone:
if line[xl - 3] == stone:
record[xl - 3] = ANALYSED
record[xl - 2] = ANALYSED
record[xl] = SFOUR
elif line[xl - 3] == 0:
record[xl - 2] = ANALYSED
record[xl] = STHREE
else:
left2 = True
if xr < num:
if line[xr + 1] == 0: # 左邊有氣
if xr < num - 2 and line[xr + 2] == stone:
if line[xr + 3] == stone:
record[xr + 3] = ANALYSED
record[xr + 2] = ANALYSED
record[xr] = SFOUR
elif line[xr + 3] == 0:
record[xr + 2] = ANALYSED
record[xr] = left2 and THREE or STHREE
else:
if record[xl] == SFOUR:
return record[xl]
if record[xl] == STHREE:
record[xl] = THREE
return record[xl]
if left2:
record[pos] = self.TWO
else:
record[pos] = self.STWO
else:
if record[xl] == SFOUR:
return record[xl]
if left2:
record[pos] = self.STWO
return record[pos]
return 0
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# DFS: 博弈樹搜尋
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class searcher (object):
# 初始化
def __init__ (self):
self.evaluator = evaluation()
self.board = [ [ 0 for n in xrange(15) ] for i in xrange(15) ]
self.gameover = 0
self.overvalue = 0
self.maxdepth = 3
# 産生目前棋局的走法
def genmove (self, turn):
moves = []
board = self.board
POSES = self.evaluator.POS
for i in xrange(15):
for j in xrange(15):
if board[i][j] == 0:
score = POSES[i][j]
moves.append((score, i, j))
moves.sort()
moves.reverse()
return moves
# 遞歸搜尋：傳回最佳分數
def __search (self, turn, depth, alpha, beta):
# 深度為零則評估棋盤并傳回
if depth <= 0:
score = self.evaluator.evaluate(self.board, turn)
return score
# 如果遊戲結束則立馬傳回
score = self.evaluator.evaluate(self.board, turn)
if abs(score) >= 9999 and depth < self.maxdepth:
return score
# 産生新的走法
moves = self.genmove(turn)
bestmove = None
# 枚舉目前所有走法
for score, row, col in moves:
# 标記目前走法到棋盤
self.board[row][col] = turn
# 計算下一回合該誰走
nturn = turn == 1 and 2 or 1
# 深度優先搜尋，傳回評分，走的行和走的列
score = - self.__search(nturn, depth - 1, -beta, -alpha)
# 棋盤上清除目前走法
self.board[row][col] = 0
# 計算最好分值的走法
# alpha/beta 剪枝
if score > alpha:
alpha = score
bestmove = (row, col)
if alpha >= beta:
break
# 如果是第一層則記錄最好的走法
if depth == self.maxdepth and bestmove:
self.bestmove = bestmove
# 傳回目前最好的分數，和該分數的對應走法
return alpha
# 具體搜尋：傳入目前是該誰走(turn=1/2)，以及搜尋深度(depth)
def search (self, turn, depth = 3):
self.maxdepth = depth
self.bestmove = None
score = self.__search(turn, depth, -0x7fffffff, 0x7fffffff)
if abs(score) > 8000:
self.maxdepth = depth
score = self.__search(turn, 1, -0x7fffffff, 0x7fffffff)
row, col = self.bestmove
return score, row, col
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# main game
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def gamemain():
b = chessboard()
s = searcher()
s.board = b.board()
opening = [ '1:HH 2:II', '1:IH 2:GI', '1:HG 2:HI', ]
import random
openid = random.randint(0, len(opening) - 1)
b.loads(opening[openid])
turn = 2
history = []
undo = False
# 設定難度
DEPTH = 1
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
if sys.argv[1].lower() == 'hard':
DEPTH = 2
while 1:
print ''
while 1:
print '<ROUND %d>'%(len(history) + 1)
b.show()
print 'Your move (u:undo, q:quit):',
text = raw_input().strip('\r\n\t ')
if len(text) == 2:
tr = ord(text[0].upper()) - ord('A')
tc = ord(text[1].upper()) - ord('A')
if tr >= 0 and tc >= 0 and tr < 15 and tc < 15:
if b[tr][tc] == 0:
row, col = tr, tc
break
else:
print 'can not move there'
else:
print 'bad position'
elif text.upper() == 'U':
undo = True
break
elif text.upper() == 'Q':
print b.dumps()
return 0
if undo == True:
undo = False
if len(history) == 0:
print 'no history to undo'
else:
print 'rollback from history ...'
move = history.pop()
b.loads(move)
else:
history.append(b.dumps())
b[row][col] = 1
if b.check() == 1:
b.show()
print b.dumps()
print ''
print 'YOU WIN !!'
return 0
print 'robot is thinking now ...'
score, row, col = s.search(2, DEPTH)
cord = '%s%s'%(chr(ord('A') + row), chr(ord('A') + col))
print 'robot move to %s (%d)'%(cord, score)
b[row][col] = 2
if b.check() == 2:
b.show()
print b.dumps()
print ''
print 'YOU LOSE.'
return 0
return 0
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# testing case
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
gamemain()
![TestLink導出用例轉換工具(XML2Excel)[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)