娴呮瀽HTTP鍗忚涔嬭姹備笌鍝嶅簲
1. 绠€浠?
HTTP鍗忚鏄熀浜庤姹傚搷搴旀ā寮忕殑锛屽嵆瀹㈡埛绔彂璧瘋姹傦紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ鍝嶅簲銆傚鍥撅細
涔熷氨鏄锛岃鑾峰彇鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ鐨勫搷搴旓紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』鐢卞鎴風鍙戣搗璇鋒眰锛屽惁鍒欐湇鍔″櫒绔棤娉曚富鍔ㄥ皢娑堟伅鎺ㄩ€佺粰瀹㈡埛绔€?
HTTP鏄棤鐘舵€佸崗璁紝鍚屼竴涓涓ゆ鍙戣搗鐨勮姹傛槸娌℃湁瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴鐨勩€?
涓€鑸琀TTP鐨勫伐浣滄祦绋嬫湁浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜姝ラ锛?
- 瀹㈡埛鏈轟笌鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ渶瑕佸緩绔嬭繛鎺ャ€傚鎴戜滑鍗曞嚮椤甸潰涓殑涓€涓秴閾炬帴锛孒TTP寮€濮嬪伐浣滐紝寤虹珛涓庢湇鍔″櫒闂寸殑杩炴帴銆?/li>
- 寤虹珛杩炴帴鍚庯紝瀹㈡埛绔彂閫佷竴涓姹傜粰鏈嶅姟鍣紝璇鋒眰鏍煎紡鍖呮嫭涓猴細缁熶竴璧勬簮鏍囪瘑绗︼紙URL锛夈€佸崗璁増鏈彿锛孧IME淇℃伅锛堝寘鎷姹備慨楗扮銆佸鎴鋒満淇℃伅鍜屽彲鑳界殑鍐呭锛夈€?/li>
- 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴鍒拌姹傚悗澶勭悊锛屽苟浼犻€佸搷搴斾俊鎭紝鍏舵牸寮忎負涓€涓姸鎬佽锛堝寘鎷俊鎭殑鍗忚鐗堟湰鍙楓€佷竴涓垚鍔熸垨閿欒鐨勪唬鐮侊級锛孧IME淇℃伅锛堝寘鎷湇鍔″櫒淇℃伅銆佸疄浣撲俊鎭拰鍙兘鐨勫唴瀹癸級銆?/li>
- 瀹㈡埛绔帴鏀舵湇鍔″櫒鎵€杩斿洖鐨勫搷搴斾俊鎭紝閫氳繃娴忚鍣ㄦ樉绀哄嚭鏉ワ紝鐒跺悗鏂紑瀹㈡埛绔笌鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繛鎺ャ€?/li>
2. HTTP鍗忚涔嬭姹?
HTTP璇鋒眰鐢變笁閮ㄥ垎缁勬垚锛屽垎鍒槸锛氳姹傝銆佹秷鎭姤澶淬€佽姹傛鏂囥€?
HTTP娑堟伅鐢卞鎴風鍒版湇鍔″櫒鐨勮姹傚拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ埌瀹㈡埛绔殑鍝嶅簲缁勬垚銆傝姹傛秷鎭拰鍝嶅簲娑堟伅閮芥槸鐢卞紑濮嬭锛堝浜庤姹傛秷鎭紝寮€濮嬭灏辨槸璇鋒眰琛岋紝瀵逛簬鍝嶅簲娑堟伅锛屽紑濮嬭灏辨槸鐘舵€佽锛夛紝娑堟伅鎶ュご锛堝彲閫夛級锛岀┖琛岋紙鍙湁CRLF鐨勮锛夛紝娑堟伅姝ｆ枃锛堝彲閫夛級缁勬垚銆?
璇鋒眰琛?
璇鋒眰琛屾牸寮忥細鏂規硶 [绌烘牸] 璇鋒眰URI [绌烘牸] 鐗堟湰鍙?[鍥炶濺鎹㈣]锛屽锛?
GET /Servlet/login.do HTTP/1.1
POST /Servlet/do_login.do HTTP/1.1
娑堟伅鎶ュご
HTTP娑堟伅鎶ュご鍖呮嫭鏅€氭姤澶淬€佽姹傛姤澶淬€佸搷搴旀姤澶淬€佸疄浣撴姤澶淬€?
姣忎竴涓姤澶村煙閮芥槸鐢卞悕瀛?鈥滐細鈥?绌烘牸+鍊?缁勬垚锛屾秷鎭姤澶村煙鐨勫悕瀛楁槸澶у皬鍐欐棤鍏崇殑銆?
鏅€氭姤澶寸ず渚嬶細
Connection: Keep-Alive(CRLF)
Cache-Control: no-cache(CRLF)
Cache-Control鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾缂撳瓨鎸囦護锛宯o-cache鐢ㄤ簬鎸囩ず璇鋒眰鎴栧搷搴旀秷鎭笉鑳界紦瀛樸€?
Connection鍏佽鍙戦€佹寚瀹氳繛鎺ョ殑閫夐」锛宬eep-alive鎸囧畾杩炴帴鏄繛缁殑銆?
璇鋒眰鎶ュご绀轟緥锛?
Accept: image/jpeg, application/x-ms-application, image/gif, application/xaml+xml, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*(CRLF)
Referer: http://localhost:8080/Servlet/login.do(CRLF)
Accept-Language: zh-CN(CRLF)
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; Tablet PC 2.0)(CRLF)
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate(CRLF)
Host: localhost:8080(CRLF)
Accept鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾瀹㈡埛绔帴鍙楀摢浜涚被鍨嬬殑淇℃伅銆?
Accept-Language绫諱技浜嶢ccept锛屼絾鏄畠鏄敤浜庢寚瀹氫竴绉嶈嚜鐒惰瑷€銆傚鏋滆姹傛秷鎭腑娌℃湁璁劇疆杩欎釜鎶ュご鍩燂紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ亣瀹氬鎴風瀵瑰悇绉嶈瑷€閮藉彲浠ユ帴鍙椼€?
Accept-Encoding涔熺被浼間簬Accept锛屼絾鏄畠鏄敤浜庢寚瀹氬彲鎺ュ彈鐨勫唴瀹圭紪鐮併€?
Refer鐢ㄤ簬鎸囨槑鏉ユ簮锛屽嵆涓婁竴椤電殑鍦闆潃銆?
User-Agent鍏佽瀹㈡埛绔皢瀹冪殑鎿嶄綔绯葷粺銆佹祻瑙堝櫒鍜屽叾瀹冨睘鎬у憡璇夋湇鍔″櫒銆傛垜浠笂缃戠櫥闄嗕竴浜涜鍧涚殑鏃跺€欙紝寰€寰€浼氱湅鍒頒竴浜涙杩庝俊鎭紝鍏朵腑鍒楀嚭浜嗕綘鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熺殑鍚嶇О鍜岀増鏈紝浣犳墍浣跨敤鐨勬祻瑙堝櫒鐨勫悕绉闆拰鐗堟湰锛岃繖寰€寰€璁╁緢澶氫漢鎰熷埌寰堢濂囷紝瀹為檯涓婏紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓氨鏄粠User-Agent杩欎釜璇鋒眰鎶ュご鍩熶腑鑾峰彇鍒拌繖浜涗俊鎭€?
Host鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾琚姹傝祫婧愮殑Internet涓繪満鍜岀鍙ｅ彿锛屽畠閫氬父浠嶩TTP URL涓彁鍙栧嚭鏉ョ殑銆?
瀹炰綋鎶ュご绀轟緥锛?
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded(CRLF)
Content-Length: (CRLF)
Content-Type鐢ㄤ簬鎸囨槑鍙戦€佺粰鎺ユ敹鑰呯殑瀹炰綋姝ｆ枃鐨勫獟浣撶被鍨嬨€?
Content-Length鐢ㄤ簬鎸囨槑瀹炰綋姝ｆ枃鐨勯暱搴︼紝浠ュ瓧鑺傛柟寮忓瓨鍌ㄧ殑鍗佽繘鍒舵暟瀛楁潵琛ㄧず銆?
瀹屾暣鐨勬姤澶寸ず渚嬶細
Accept: image/jpeg, application/x-ms-application, image/gif, application/xaml+xml, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*(CRLF)
Referer: http://localhost:8080/Servlet/login.do(CRLF)
Accept-Language: zh-CN(CRLF)
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; Tablet PC 2.0)(CRLF)
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded(CRLF)
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate(CRLF)
Host: localhost:8080(CRLF)
Content-Length: 29(CRLF)
Connection: Keep-Alive(CRLF)
Cache-Control: no-cache(CRLF)
(CRLF)
璇鋒眰姝ｆ枃
璇鋒眰澶達紙娑堟伅鎶ユ枃锛夊拰璇鋒眰姝ｆ枃涔嬮棿鏄竴涓┖琛岋紝杩欎釜琛岄潪甯擱噸瑕侊紝瀹冭〃绀鴻姹傚ご宸茬粡缁撴潫锛屾帴涓嬫潵鐨勬槸璇鋒眰姝ｆ枃銆傝姹傛鏂囦腑鍙互鍖呭惈瀹㈡埛鎻愪氦鐨勬煡璇㈠瓧绗︿覆淇℃伅锛屽锛?
3. HTTP鍗忚涔嬪搷搴?
HTTP鐨勫搷搴旀秷鎭篃鏄敱涓変釜閮ㄥ垎缁勬垚锛屽垎鍒槸锛氱姸鎬佽銆佹秷鎭姤澶淬€佸搷搴旀鏂囥€?
鐘舵€佽
鐘舵€佽鏍煎紡锛氬崗璁増鏈彿 [绌烘牸] 鍝嶅簲鐘舵€佺爜 [绌烘牸] 鐘舵€佺爜鏂囨湰鎻忚堪 [鍥炶濺鎹㈣]锛屽锛?
娑堟伅鐘舵€佺爜閫氬父鏈変簲绉嶇被鍒細
1xx锛氭寚绀轟俊鎭紝琛ㄧず璇鋒眰宸叉帴鏀訛紝缁х畫澶勭悊銆?
2xx锛氭垚鍔燂紝琛ㄧず璇鋒眰宸茶鎴愬姛鎺ユ敹銆佺悊瑙ｃ€佹帴鍙椼€?
3xx锛氶噸瀹氬悜锛岃瀹屾垚璇鋒眰蹇呴』杩涜鏇磋繘涓€姝ョ殑鎿嶄綔銆?
4xx锛氬鎴風閿欒锛岃姹傛湁璇硶閿欒鎴栬姹傝祫婧愪笉瀛樺湪绛夈€?
5xx锛氭湇鍔″櫒绔敊璇紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ湭鑳藉疄鐜闆悎娉曠殑璇鋒眰銆?
甯歌鐨勭姸鎬佺爜锛?
| 鐘舵€佺爜 | 鎻忚堪鏂囨湰 | 璇存槑 |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | OK | 瀹㈡埛绔姹傛垚鍔?/td> |
| 400 | Bad Request | 瀹㈡埛绔姹傛湁璇硶閿欒锛屼笉鑳借鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ墍鐞嗚В |
| 401 | Unauthorized | 璇鋒眰鏈粡鎺堟潈锛岃繖涓姸鎬佷唬鐮佸繀椤誨拰WWW-Authenticate鎶ュご鍩熶竴璧蜂嬌鐢?/td> |
| 403 | Forbidden | 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ敹鍒拌姹傦紝浣嗘槸鎷掔粷鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟 |
| 404 | Not Found | 璇鋒眰璧勬簮涓嶅瓨鍦紝濡傦細杈撳叆浜嗛敊璇殑URL |
| 500 | Internal Server Error | 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彂鐢熶笉鍙鏈熺殑閿欒 |
| 503 | Server Unavailable | 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ綋鍓嶄笉鑳藉鐞嗗鎴風鐨勮姹傦紝涓€娈墊椂闂村悗鍙兘鎭㈠姝ｅ父 |
娑堟伅鎶ュご
鏅€氭姤澶寸ず渚嬶細
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 02:00:15 GMT(CRLF)
Transfer-Encoding: chunked(CRLF)
Date鐢ㄤ簬琛ㄧず娑堟伅浜х敓鐨勬棩鏈熷拰鏃堕棿銆?
Transfer-Encoding: chunked琛ㄧず杈撳嚭鐨勫唴瀹歸暱搴︿笉鑳界‘瀹氾紝鏅€氱殑闈欐€侀〉闈€佸浘鐗囦箣绫葷殑鍩烘湰涓婇兘鐢ㄤ笉鍒拌繖涓紝浣嗗姩鎬侀〉闈㈠氨鏈夊彲鑳戒細鐢ㄥ埌銆?
鍝嶅簲鎶ュご绀轟緥锛?
Server鍖呭惈浜嗘湇鍔″櫒鐢ㄦ潵澶勭悊璇鋒眰鐨勮蔣浠朵俊鎭紝Apache-Coyote/1.1琛ㄦ槑浜嗘湇鍔″櫒鍚嶇О涓庣増鏈彿銆?
瀹炰綋鎶ュご绀轟緥锛?
Content-Type鎸囨槑鍙戦€佺粰鎺ユ敹鑰呯殑瀹炰綋姝ｆ枃鐨勫獟浣撶被鍨嬶紝text/html;charset=gbk琛ㄧず姝ｆ枃鏄竴涓猦tml鏂囨。锛岄噰鐢╣bk缂栫爜銆?
鎶ュご瀹屾暣绀轟緥锛?
Server: Apache-Coyote/(CRLF)
Content-Type: text/html;charset=gbk(CRLF)
Transfer-Encoding: chunked(CRLF)
Date: Tue, Jul :: GMT(CRLF)
(CRLF)
鍝嶅簲姝ｆ枃
鍝嶅簲澶村拰鍝嶅簲姝ｆ枃涔嬮棿涔熸湁涓€涓┖琛岋紝瀹冭〃绀哄搷搴斿ご宸茬粡缁撴潫锛屾帴涓嬫潵鐨勬槸鍝嶅簲姝ｆ枃銆傚搷搴旀鏂囦腑鍖呭惈鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ搷搴旇繑鍥炲鎴風鐨勬秷鎭紝濡傦細
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1>鐧誨綍澶勭悊</h1>鐧誨綍鎴愬姛 </BODY>
</HTML>
![http協定學習1. 基礎概念篇 附錄：參考資料2. 協定詳解篇附錄：參考資料[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)