第一步:
擷取Valgrind 包 可以先使用浏覽器通路http://valgrind.org/downloads/檢視目前版本
wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.10.1.tar.bz2
第二步:
将下載下傳的檔案解壓
tar -jxvf valgrind-3.10.1.tar.bz2
第三步:
安裝和配置
./autogen.sh
./configure
make; make install
Linux下利用Valgrind工具進行記憶體洩露檢測和性能分析
Valgrind通常用來成分析程式性能及程式中的記憶體洩露錯誤
一 Valgrind工具集簡紹
Valgrind包含下列工具:
1、memcheck:檢查程式中的記憶體問題,如洩漏、越界、非法指針等。
2、callgrind:檢測程式代碼的運作時間和調用過程,以及分析程式性能。
3、cachegrind:分析CPU的cache命中率、丢失率,用于進行代碼優化。
4、helgrind:用于檢查多線程程式的競态條件。
5、massif:堆棧分析器,訓示程式中使用了多少堆記憶體等資訊。
6、lackey:
7、nulgrind:
這幾個工具的使用是通過指令:valgrand --tool=name 程式名來分别調用的,當不指定tool參數時預設是 --tool=memcheck
二 Valgrind工具詳解
1.Memcheck
最常用的工具,用來檢測程式中出現的記憶體問題,所有對記憶體的讀寫都會被檢測到,一切對malloc、free、new、delete的調用都會被捕獲。是以,它能檢測以下問題:
1、對未初始化記憶體的使用;
2、讀/寫釋放後的記憶體塊;
3、讀/寫超出malloc配置設定的記憶體塊;
4、讀/寫不适當的棧中記憶體塊;
5、記憶體洩漏,指向一塊記憶體的指針永遠丢失;
6、不正确的malloc/free或new/delete比對;
7、memcpy()相關函數中的dst和src指針重疊。
這些問題往往是C/C++程式員最頭疼的問題,Memcheck能在這裡幫上大忙。
例如:
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <malloc.h>
- #include <string.h>
- void test()
- {
- int *ptr = malloc(sizeof(int)*10);
- ptr[10] = 7; // 記憶體越界
- memcpy(ptr +1, ptr, 5); // 踩記憶體
- free(ptr);
- free(ptr);// 重複釋放
- int *p1;
- *p1 = 1; // 非法指針
- }
- int main(void)
- {
- test();
- return 0;
- }
将程式編譯生成可執行檔案後執行:valgrind --leak-check=full ./程式名
輸出結果如下:
- ==4832== Memcheck, a memory error detector
- ==4832== Copyright (C) 2002-2010, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
- ==4832== Using Valgrind-3.6.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
- ==4832== Command: ./tmp
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Invalid write of size 4 // 記憶體越界
- ==4832== at 0x804843F: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== Address 0x41a6050 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd
- ==4832== at 0x4026864: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
- ==4832== by 0x8048435: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Source and destination overlap in memcpy(0x41a602c, 0x41a6028, 5) // 踩記憶體
- ==4832== at 0x4027BD6: memcpy (mc_replace_strmem.c:635)
- ==4832== by 0x8048461: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] // 重複釋放
- ==4832== at 0x4025BF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
- ==4832== by 0x8048477: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== Address 0x41a6028 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 40 free'd
- ==4832== at 0x4025BF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
- ==4832== by 0x804846C: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Use of uninitialised value of size 4 // 非法指針
- ==4832== at 0x804847B: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV) //由于非法指針指派導緻的程式崩潰
- ==4832== Bad permissions for mapped region at address 0x419FFF4
- ==4832== at 0x804847B: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== HEAP SUMMARY:
- ==4832== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
- ==4832== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 40 bytes allocated
- ==4832==
- ==4832== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
- ==4832==
- ==4832== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
- ==4832== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
- ==4832== ERROR SUMMARY: 4 errors from 4 contexts (suppressed: 11 from 6)
- Segmentation fault
從valgrind的檢測輸出結果看,這幾個錯誤都找了出來。