RabbitMQ 最常用的 3 大模式！

Java技術棧

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作者：海向

出處：www.cnblogs.com/haixiang/p/10864339.html

Direct 模式

• 所有發送到 Direct Exchange 的消息被轉發到 RouteKey 中指定的 Queue。
• Direct 模式可以使用 RabbitMQ 自帶的 Exchange: default Exchange，是以不需要将 Exchange 進行任何綁定(binding)操作。
• 消息傳遞時，RouteKey 必須完全比對才會被隊列接收，否則該消息會被抛棄，

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class DirectProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "item.direct";

        //5. 發送
        String msg = "this is direct msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 關閉連接配接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
           

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import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class DirectConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
      
        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.direct";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代碼綁定，在管理界面手動綁定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 建立消費者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };

        //6. 設定 Channel 消費者綁定隊列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}
           

複制

Send message : this is direct msg
 
 [x] Received 'this is direct msg'
           

複制

Topic 模式

可以使用通配符進行模糊比對

• 符号'#" 比對一個或多個詞
• 符号"*”比對不多不少一個詞

例如:

• 'log.#"能夠比對到'log.info.oa"
• "log.*"隻會比對到"log.erro“

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class TopicProducer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "item.update";
        String routingKey2 = "item.delete";
        String routingKey3 = "user.add";

        //5. 發送
        String msg = "this is topic msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 關閉連接配接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
           

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import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TopicConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);

        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.#";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代碼綁定，在管理界面手動綁定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 建立消費者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        //6. 設定 Channel 消費者綁定隊列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}
           

複制

Send message : this is topc msg

[x] Received 'this is topc msg'
[x] Received 'this is topc msg'
           

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Fanout 模式

不處理路由鍵，隻需要簡單的将隊列綁定到交換機上發送到交換機的消息都會被轉發到與該交換機綁定的所有隊列上。系列RabbitMQ教程請關注公衆号Java技術棧擷取閱讀。

Fanout交換機轉發消息是最快的。

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FanoutConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);

        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.#";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "fanout", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代碼綁定，在管理界面手動綁定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 建立消費者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };

        //6. 設定 Channel 消費者綁定隊列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}
           

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import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class FanoutProducer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一個 ConnectionFactory 并進行設定
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通過連接配接工廠來建立連接配接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通過 Connection 來建立 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 聲明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "item.update";
        String routingKey2 = "";
        String routingKey3 = "ookjkjjkhjhk";//任意routingkey

        //5. 發送
        String msg = "this is fanout msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 關閉連接配接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
           

複制

Send message : this is fanout msg

[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'
[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'
[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'
           

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