電郵位址_電子郵件| 電子郵件| 第4部分

電郵位址

電子郵件或電子郵件–濫用 (Electronic Mail or e-mail – Abuse)

The SMTP protocol has no means to prevent abuse of the mail system, in particular there are no simple and effective tools to control which messages are delivered in box of a user (authorization), and also reported no sender authentication by a message . This includes the possibility of different types of abuse.

SMTP協定沒有防止濫用郵件系統的方法，特别是沒有簡單有效的工具來控制在使用者箱中傳遞哪些消息(授權)，并且沒有通過消息報告發件人身份驗證。 這包括不同類型的濫用的可能性。

The main improper use of email is spam, many users sending massive amounts of spam, usually advertising commercial nature. According to some sources, the impact of these messages would reach two-thirds of overall e-mail.

電子郵件的主要不當使用方式是垃圾郵件，許多使用者發送大量垃圾郵件，通常具有廣告性質。 根據某些消息來源，這些郵件的影響将達到電子郵件總數的三分之二。

Another negative phenomenon is from chain letters, messages that contain alarming information, promises of quick profits or outright hoaxes, and invite you to forward the message to their friends, sometimes finishing move for months or years.

另一個負面現象是來自連鎖信件，包含令人震驚的資訊的消息，許諾暴利或徹頭徹尾的騙局，并邀請您将消息轉發給他們的朋友，有時甚至動了幾個月或幾年。

It is also possible to falsify the name and return address displayed in the client program of the recipient, causing the user to assume a reliable message entirely false. This vulnerability is being used to build real scams or jokes that rely on trust that most people mistakenly puts the “sender” of an email message. Even worms that replicate by mail using this mechanism in order to induce you to try to pay interest or confidence in a message, so that the open and install any infected attachments.

也有可能僞造收件人的用戶端程式中顯示的名稱和傳回位址，進而使使用者承擔一個完全錯誤的可靠消息。 此漏洞被用來建構依賴大多數人錯誤地将電子郵件的“發件人”放置為信任關系的真實騙局或笑話。 甚至是使用此機制通過郵件複制的蠕蟲，也可以誘使您嘗試對郵件表示興趣或信任，以便打開并安裝所有受感染的附件。

E-mail privacy

電子郵件隐私

For various reasons, email addresses are often available on the Internet:

由于各種原因，Internet上通常可以使用電子郵件位址：

• Knows who receives an e-mail addresses of the sender and all recipients “clear” (To: and Cc:). If the mail is forwarded, these addresses are often visible to the recipient in this way.

  知道誰收到發件人的電子郵件位址，所有收件人“清除”(收件人：和抄送：)。 如果郵件被轉發，則收件人通常可以通過這種方式看到這些位址。

• Many mailing lists have a public archive accessible via the Web, where you can find the addresses of those who sent a message to the mailing list. A similar phenomenon occurs with Usenet

  許多郵件清單都有可通過Web通路的公共存檔，您可以在其中找到向郵件清單發送郵件的人員的位址。 Usenet發生類似的現象

• Sometimes you publish your e-mail on your home page, or contact for specific purposes.

  有時，您在首頁上釋出電子郵件，或出于特定目的聯系。

All these addresses are at risk of being harvested by automated tools to create mailing lists used to send spam.

所有這些位址都有被自動化工具用來建立用于發送垃圾郵件的郵件清單的位址所威脅。

If you protest with the companies who have sent e-mails often see you say that his address had been found on the Internet and this is considered in effect the public domain, and that there was therefore no violation of privacy.

如果您與發送電子郵件的公司進行抗議，通常會看到您說他的位址已在Internet上找到，并且實際上被認為是公共領域，是以不存在侵犯隐私的情況。

主管介入 (Intervention by Supervisor)

The Guarantor of privacy and declares that email should have the same protection of the ordinary. Even if the network allows a wide knowability of e-mail addresses, is considered illegal to use such personal data for purposes other than those for which there are on-line (including the sending of commercial messages, advertising, etc.) It is therefore mandatory to avoid violating the privacy of users, make their consent before using their e-mail for any purpose.

隐私擔保人并聲明電子郵件應具有與普通郵件相同的保護。 即使網絡允許廣泛了解電子郵件位址，将此類個人資料用于除線上目的之外的其他目的(包括發送商業消息，廣告等)也被認為是非法的。為避免侵犯使用者隐私而必須執行的操作，在出于任何目的使用電子郵件之前，請先征得他們的同意。

工作場所中的電子郵件隐私 (E-mail privacy in the workplace)

The problem is one part that the employer wants to make available the tools (internet, e-mail, etc.) are used only for strictly business purposes and other legitimate protection of personal data of the employee . The authority ruled that the employer may monitor employees’ e-mail only in rare cases. Have defined the rules for using email at work, it is for the same employer to fix the ways permitted within the company for use of the Internet and e-mail and especially on whether the controls are carried out. So, ultimately the most effective solution is the adoption by the holding of an internal regulation, involving the trade unions.

問題之一是雇主希望提供工具(網際網路，電子郵件等)僅用于嚴格的商業目的以及對雇員的個人資料進行其他合法保護。 當局裁定，雇主隻有在極少數情況下才能監視雇員的電子郵件。 已經定義了在工作中使用電子郵件的規則，這是由同一雇主确定公司内部允許使用Internet和電子郵件的方式，尤其是有關控制措施是否得到執行的方式。 是以，最終最有效的解決方案是通過舉行涉及工會的内部法規來采用。

Problems also occur when an employee is absent and the employer or a supervisor assumes that the address have been sent messages work where access is necessary for the operation of the company. These situations can be prevented by creating mailboxes associated with particular offices or persons beyond those individuals, and using these boxes for work that can be handled by more people.

當員工缺席并且雇主或主管假定位址已發送給工作在需要公司營運的工作地點時，也會發生問題。 通過建立與特定辦公室或個人以外的人員相關的郵箱，并将這些郵箱用于可以由更多人處理的工作，可以避免這些情況。

通訊隐私 (Privacy of communications)

Another problematic aspect is the treatment of the contents of a message is received. Generally, each message is to be considered for persons to whom it is addressed, and then forward it would not be legitimate or at least have it read by others. Like any other type of information exchange mail or telephone, however, the protection of privacy is limited to the transfer between the sender and recipient, but is free to use the message as he believes, of course, assuming all the responsibility front of the sender and the law.

另一個有問題的方面是對接收到的消息内容的處理。 通常，每條消息都應針對發給該消息的人考慮，然後轉發該消息将是不合法的，至少不會被其他人閱讀。 像任何其他類型的資訊交換郵件或電話一樣，隐私保護僅限于發送者和接收者之間的轉移，但是可以自由使用該消息，因為他認為，當然，要承擔發送者的所有責任和法律。

認證電子郵件 (Certified electronic mail)

The Certified E-Mail is an email service that allows you to obtain a guarantee of receiving the message from the recipient and integrity of the received message.

認證電子郵件是一項電子郵件服務，可讓您獲得從收件人接收消息的保證以及所接收消息的完整性。

In Italy today, for example,  to send a certified e-mail in the forms established by law (in particular the Decree 68/2005 and Decree no. 82/2005 Digital Administration Code), shall be treated for all purposes of law to the posting of a recommended paper with receipt. For the purposes of the Act, the message is considered delivered when the recipient is available in your mailbox.

例如，在今天的意大利，以法律規定的格式發送經過認證的電子郵件(尤其是第68/2005号法令和第82/2005号數字管理法令)，出于法律的所有目的，帶收據的推薦紙過帳。 為了該法案的目的，當您的郵箱中有收件人時，郵件被視為已傳遞。

The mechanism is that the operator of certified electronic mail, when they assume responsibility for the email sender, it sends a receipt of acceptance, which certifies that it has sent. At a time where instead the operator deposits the message in the box of the recipient, the sender sends a delivery receipt certifying receipt. Both the receipt of acceptance accept that the receipt is in electronic format, and they are digitally signed by the operator.

機制是，經過認證的電子郵件操作員在對電子郵件發件人承擔責任時，會發送接受收據，以證明其已發送。 相反，在操作員将消息存儲在收件人的框中的情況下，發件人發送證明收據的傳遞收據。 接受收據都接受該收據為電子格式，并且由操作員進行數字簽名。

If the operator of the certified mail sender is different from the transmission recipient, has an additional step: the operator of the recipient, when receiving mail from the sender’s operator, issue a receipt of funding, in electronic format , which affix its signature. If the electronic mail manager is unable to file the recipient’s mail box, send an acknowledgment of failure to deliver. Managers of certified mail have an obligation not to accept mails containing viruses.

如果認證郵件發件人的操作員不同于發送收件人，則還有一個附加步驟：收件人的操作員在從發件人的操作員接收郵件時，以電子格式簽發資金收據，并附上其簽名。 如果電子郵件管理器無法歸檔收件人的郵箱，請發送未能送達的确認。 認證郵件的管理者有義務不接受包含病毒的郵件。

Managers of certified mail are individuals who must possess a number of requirements established by law (must, for example, possess the same integrity requirements for the business banking, and having a share capital of not less than 1 million ), and can operate only if authorized by CNIPA, the National Centre for IT in Public Administration.

挂号信的管理人是必須具有法律規定的許多要求的個人(例如，必須具有與商業銀行相同的完整性要求，并且股本不少于一百萬)，并且僅在以下情況下可以運作由國家公共管理IT中心CNIPA授權。

Governments can managers be certified electronic mail, but in this case addresses issued are valid only limited to exchanges of mail between the owner and the Administration to address the issue.

政府可以為管理者提供經過認證的電子郵件，但是在這種情況下，所釋出的位址僅在所有者和政府之間為解決該問題而交換郵件時才有效。

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

研究：來自維基百科，免費的百科全書。 該文本可在“ 知識共享”下找到 。

翻譯自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/electronic-mail-e-mail-part-4/

電郵位址