python實作excel函數_python操作excel

长期以来都想用python对Excel进行一些列的操作，但由于某种神秘的力量控制着我，一直未果，今天有幸用requests模块和BeautifulSoup模块进行爬虫练习，拿到了一大批数据，照我以前，都只是用字典啊、列表啊，或者文本文件存放，之前没觉得哪里不好，但今天的我很奇怪，怎么看怎么不爽，而且，如果我把我爬取的数据给别人看的话，确实有点难堪，没有脸给别人看。于是，我拼尽平生所有能力挣脱某种神秘力量的束缚，粗略的学习了下用python如何操作Excel，在此跟大家分享下，鄙人水平有限，不够深入或有问题的地方还请大佬指教。

一、用xlrd模块对Excel进行读取

importxlrd

#打开Excel文件读取数据

data=xlrd.open_workbook('myexcel.xls')

#获取一个工作表

table= data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取

table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取

table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取

获取整行或整列的值（数组）

table.row_values(num)

table.col_values(num)

获取行数和列数

table.nrows

table.ncols

获取单元格

table.cell(num1,num2).value

二、用xlwt模块对Excel进行写入

1，基本写入操作

importxlwt

#创建workbook，也就是新建一个Excel文件

workbook=xlwt.Workbook(encoding='ascii')

#在刚才创建的Excel文件下创建一个sheet表

worksheet=workbook.add_sheet('mysheet')

#往单元格里写入数据

worksheet.write(num,num,label='xxxxxx')

#保存Excel文件

workbook.save('myworkbook.xls')

2，font设置

font = xlwt.Font() #Create the Font 大概就是创建一个font对象，然后对其进行设置

font.name = 'Times New Roman'

font.bold =Truefont.underline =Truefont.italic =Truestyle = xlwt.XFStyle() #Create the Style #创建一个style对象，然后把font对象赋给它

style.font = font #Apply the Font to the Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Unformatted value')worksheet.write(1, 0, label = 'Formatted value', style) #Apply the Style to the Cell

下面的就不是很懂，大概也是font对象的一些设置

font.struck_out = True #May be: True, False

font.underline = xlwt.Font.UNDERLINE_SINGLE #May be: UNDERLINE_NONE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE_ACC, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE_ACC

font.escapement = xlwt.Font.ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT #May be: ESCAPEMENT_NONE, ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT, ESCAPEMENT_SUBSCRIPT

font.family = xlwt.Font.FAMILY_ROMAN #May be: FAMILY_NONE, FAMILY_ROMAN, FAMILY_SWISS, FAMILY_MODERN, FAMILY_SCRIPT, FAMILY_DECORATIVE

font.charset = xlwt.Font.CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN #May be: CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN, CHARSET_SYS_DEFAULT, CHARSET_SYMBOL, CHARSET_APPLE_ROMAN, CHARSET_ANSI_JAP_SHIFT_JIS, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_HANGUL,

CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_JOHAB, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_GBK, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_BIG5, CHARSET_ANSI_GREEK, CHARSET_ANSI_TURKISH, CHARSET_ANSI_VIETNAMESE, CHARSET_ANSI_HEBREW, CHARSET_ANSI_ARABIC,

CHARSET_ANSI_BALTIC, CHARSET_ANSI_CYRILLIC, CHARSET_ANSI_THAI, CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN_II, CHARSET_OEM_LATIN_I

font.colour_index =?font.get_biff_record =?font.height = 0x00C8 #C8 in Hex (in decimal) = 10 points in height.

font.name =?font.outline =?font.shadow = ?

3，每列的宽度设置

worksheet.col(0).width = 3333 #这是第0列

4，往单元格里插入时间

style =xlwt.XFStyle()style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' #Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0

worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)

5，在单元格插入公式

worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) #Outputs 5

worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) #Outputs 2

worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) #Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])

worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) #Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])

6，单元格插连接

worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")')) #Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com

7，合并行和列

importxlwt

workbook=xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet= workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0,3, 'First Merge') #Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.合并第0列到底3列

font = xlwt.Font() #Create Font

font.bold = True #Set font to Bold

style = xlwt.XFStyle() #Create Style

style.font = font #Add Bold Font to Style

worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) #Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.合并第1行到第2列和第0列到第3列

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

8，Alignment

Setting the Alignment forthe Contents of a Cellimportxlwt

workbook=xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet= workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

alignment= xlwt.Alignment() #Create Alignment

alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER #May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED

alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER #May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED

style = xlwt.XFStyle() #Create Style

style.alignment = alignment #Add Alignment to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

9，Borders

Adding Borders to a Cell#Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,)

I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.

importxlwt

workbook=xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet= workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

borders= xlwt.Borders() #Create Borders

borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED #May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED,

THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED,

or 0x00 through 0x0D.

borders.right =xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.top=xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.bottom=xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.left_colour= 0x40borders.right_colour= 0x40borders.top_colour= 0x40borders.bottom_colour= 0x40style= xlwt.XFStyle() #Create Style

style.borders = borders #Add Borders to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

10，Background Color

Setting the Background Color of a Cellimportxlwt

workbook=xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet= workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

pattern= xlwt.Pattern() #Create the Pattern

pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN #May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12

pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 #May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta,

7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray,

23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...

style = xlwt.XFStyle() #Create the Pattern

style.pattern = pattern #Add Pattern to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

纯属借鉴大佬的笔记，在此感谢大佬

三、小应用

from bs4 importBeautifulSoupimportrequestsimportxlwtimportre

headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.119 Safari/537.36'}

workbook= xlwt.Workbook(encoding='ascii')

worksheet= workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

worksheet.col(0).width= 14000worksheet.col(5).width = 24000url='https://sz.58.com/ershoufang/?utm_source=market&spm=u-2d2yxv86y3v43nkddh1.BDPCPZ_BT&PGTID=0d30000c-0000-4591-0324-370565eccba8&ClickID=1'res=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)

con=res.text

soup=BeautifulSoup(con,'lxml')

ss=soup.find('ul',class_='house-list-wrap')

li_list=ss.find_all('li')

patter=re.compile(r'\s',re.S)for num inrange(len(li_list)):

worksheet.write(num, 0, label=li_list[num].find('a',tongji_label="listclick").text.strip())

p1=li_list[num].find_all('p')[0]

span_list=p1.find_all('span')

worksheet.write(num,1, label=patter.sub('',span_list[0].text))

worksheet.write(num,2, label=patter.sub('',span_list[1].text))

worksheet.write(num,3, label=patter.sub('',span_list[2].text))

worksheet.write(num,4, label=patter.sub('',span_list[3].text))

worksheet.write(num,5, label=patter.sub('',li_list[num].find('div',class_='jjrinfo').text))

worksheet.write(num,6, label=li_list[num].find('p',class_='sum').text)

worksheet.write(num,7, label=li_list[num].find('p',class_='unit').text)

workbook.save('myWorkbook.xls')