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詳解http封包(2)-web容器是如何解析http封包的摘要jettyundertow

摘要

在詳解http封包一文中,詳細介紹了http封包的文本結構。那麼作為服務端,web容器是如何解析http封包的呢?本文以jetty和undertow容器為例,來解析web容器是如何處理http封包的。

在前文中我們從概覽中可以了解到,http封包其實就是一定規則的字元串,那麼解析它們,就是解析字元串,看看是否滿足http協定約定的規則。

start-line: 起始行,描述請求或響應的基本資訊*( header-field CRLF ): 頭CRLF[message-body]: 消息body,實際傳輸的資料           

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jetty

以下代碼都是jetty9.4.12版本

如何解析這麼長的字元串呢,jetty是通過狀态機來實作的。具體可以看下

org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpParse

public enum State    {        START,        METHOD,![](https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2019/10/9/16db0a55c99520eb?w=1202&h=630&f=png&s=101034),        SPACE1,        STATUS,        URI,        SPACE2,        REQUEST_VERSION,        REASON,        PROXY,        HEADER,        CONTENT,        EOF_CONTENT,        CHUNKED_CONTENT,        CHUNK_SIZE,        CHUNK_PARAMS,        CHUNK,        TRAILER,        END,        CLOSE,  // The associated stream/endpoint should be closed        CLOSED  // The associated stream/endpoint is at EOF    }           

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總共分成了21種狀态,然後進行狀态間的流轉。在

parseNext

方法中分别對起始行 -> header -> body content分别解析

public boolean parseNext(ByteBuffer buffer)    {        try        {            // Start a request/response            if (_state==State.START)            {                // 快速判斷                if (quickStart(buffer))                    return true;            }            // Request/response line 轉換            if (_state.ordinal()>= State.START.ordinal() && _state.ordinal()<State.HEADER.ordinal())            {                if (parseLine(buffer))                    return true;            }            // headers轉換            if (_state== State.HEADER)            {                if (parseFields(buffer))                    return true;            }            // content轉換            if (_state.ordinal()>= State.CONTENT.ordinal() && _state.ordinal()<State.TRAILER.ordinal())            {                // Handle HEAD response                if (_responseStatus>0 && _headResponse)                {                    setState(State.END);                    return handleContentMessage();                }                else                {                    if (parseContent(buffer))                        return true;                }            }        return false;    }           

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整體流程

整體有三條路徑

  1. 開始 -> start-line -> header -> 結束
  2. 開始 -> start-line -> header -> content -> 結束
  3. 開始 -> start-line -> header -> chunk-content -> 結束
詳解http封包(2)-web容器是如何解析http封包的摘要jettyundertow

起始行

start-line = request-line(請求起始行)/(響應起始行)status-line

詳解http封包(2)-web容器是如何解析http封包的摘要jettyundertow
  1. 請求封包解析狀态遷移 請求行:START -> METHOD -> SPACE1 -> URI -> SPACE2 -> REQUEST_VERSION
  2. 響應封包解析狀态遷移 響應行:START -> RESPONSE_VERSION -> SPACE1 -> STATUS -> SPACE2 -> REASON

header 頭

HEADER 的狀态隻有一種了,在jetty的老版本中還區分了

HEADER_IN_NAM

,

HEADER_VALUE

,

HEADER_IN_VALUE

等,9.4中都去除了。為了提高比對效率,jetty使用了Trie樹快速比對header頭。

static    {        CACHE.put(new HttpField(HttpHeader.CONNECTION,HttpHeaderValue.CLOSE));        CACHE.put(new HttpField(HttpHeader.CONNECTION,HttpHeaderValue.KEEP_ALIVE));      // 以下省略了很多了通用header頭           

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content

請求體:

  1. CONTENT -> END,這種是普通的帶Content-Length頭的封包,HttpParser一直運作CONTENT狀态,直到最後ContentLength達到了指定的數量,則進入END狀态
  2. chunked分塊傳輸的資料 CHUNKEDCONTENT -> CHUNKSIZE -> CHUNK -> CHUNK_END -> END

undertow

undertow是另一種web容器,它的處理方式與jetty有什麼不同呢 狀态機種類不一樣了,

io.undertow.util.HttpString.ParseState

public static final int VERB = 0;    public static final int PATH = 1;    public static final int PATH_PARAMETERS = 2;    public static final int QUERY_PARAMETERS = 3;    public static final int VERSION = 4;    public static final int AFTER_VERSION = 5;    public static final int HEADER = 6;    public static final int HEADER_VALUE = 7;    public static final int PARSE_COMPLETE = 8;           

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具體處理流程在

HttpRequestParser

抽象類中

public void handle(ByteBuffer buffer, final ParseState currentState, final HttpServerExchange builder) throws BadRequestException {        if (currentState.state == ParseState.VERB) {            //fast path, we assume that it will parse fully so we avoid all the if statements            // 快速處理GET            final int position = buffer.position();            if (buffer.remaining() > 3                    && buffer.get(position) == 'G'                    && buffer.get(position + 1) == 'E'                    && buffer.get(position + 2) == 'T'                    && buffer.get(position + 3) == ' ') {                buffer.position(position + 4);                builder.setRequestMethod(Methods.GET);                currentState.state = ParseState.PATH;            } else {                try {                    handleHttpVerb(buffer, currentState, builder);                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {                    throw new BadRequestException(e);                }            }            // 處理path            handlePath(buffer, currentState, builder);           // 處理版本            if (failed) {                handleHttpVersion(buffer, currentState, builder);                handleAfterVersion(buffer, currentState);            }            // 處理header            while (currentState.state != ParseState.PARSE_COMPLETE && buffer.hasRemaining()) {                handleHeader(buffer, currentState, builder);                if (currentState.state == ParseState.HEADER_VALUE) {                    handleHeaderValue(buffer, currentState, builder);                }            }            return;        }        handleStateful(buffer, currentState, builder);    }           

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與jetty不同的是對content的處理,在header處理完以後,将資料放到

io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange

,然後根據類型,有不同的content讀取方式,比如處理固定長度的,

FixedLengthStreamSourceConduit

詳解http封包(2)-web容器是如何解析http封包的摘要jettyundertow