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linux 磁盤分區 挂載

【轉】https://blog.csdn.net/weishujie000/article/details/76531924

使用虛拟機時發現磁盤空間不夠了,需要挂載一個磁盤以供繼續使用,但是磁盤不是添加就可以使用的,還需要進行挂載。

一、添加磁盤

添加加新硬碟重新開機伺服器

添加完之後就可以重新開機機器了,如果你機器是開啟的,進入系統并不能看見你剛添加的那塊磁盤,隻有等系統重新開機,重新加載之後才會顯示安裝的那塊磁盤

二、進入系統

使用root使用者進入系統

三、 檢視硬碟資訊

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l   //磁盤指令

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000c4cb5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xd0f5c869

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可以看到這台機器加載了三個磁盤sda、sdb、sdc 

其中sda是初始磁盤,sdb已經初始化且經過使用,sdc是剛剛加載的,未格式化的新磁盤

四、建立新硬碟分區

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc #進入磁盤

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x45a3cadb.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag      #設定可啟動标記

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition          #删除一個分區

   l   list known partition types  #各分區類型所對應的ID

   m   print this menu             #菜單

   n   add a new partition         #添加一個分區

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table   #顯示該磁盤下的目前分區資訊

   q   quit without saving changes #不儲存退出

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit #儲存退出

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

知道指令之後就可以進行分區了

Command (m for help): p //列印分區資訊,可以看到目前并沒有分區

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n //建立一個新的分區

Command action

   e   extended//輸入e為建立擴充分區  

   p   primary partition (1-4) //輸入p為建立邏輯分區  

p

Partition number (1-4): 1//劃分邏輯分區

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //我這裡直接回車,是不想把該磁盤分成多個分區,把整個磁盤作為1個分區

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p //再次檢視可以看到該磁盤已經有1個分區了

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w //儲存分區

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

再次使用”fdisk -l”指令檢視磁盤資訊

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x406a4c58

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

第三塊磁盤/dev/sdc已經分區好了

五、格式化分區

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

//将/dev/sdc1格式化為ext4類型,好像大部分的磁盤都是格式化為ext4類型,具體為什麼沒有深入研究,暫時不清楚,想了解的朋友可以自己查一下

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

檔案系統标簽=

作業系統:Linux

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個資料塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 

    4096000

正在寫入inode表: 完成                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式化完畢,此時就可以使用“mount”指令挂載分區了,然後使用這個磁盤空間了

六、挂載分區以及開機自動挂載

[[email protected] ~]# df -h //此時隻有sda1和sdb1兩個磁盤挂載

Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /

tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot

/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone

/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

[[email protected] /]# cd /disk/

[[email protected] disk]# ll

總用量 4

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone

[[email protected] disk]# cd diskone/

[[email protected] diskone]# ll

總用量 20

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 7月  28 16:12 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 7月  28 17:09 software

[[email protected] diskone]# cd ../

[[email protected] disk]# mkdir disktwo //建立被挂載的路徑

[[email protected] disk]# ll

總用量 8

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月   1 16:48 disktwo

[[email protected] disk]# mount /dev/sdc1 /disk/disktwo/ //進行挂載

[[email protected] disk]# df -h //再次檢視,發現sdc1已經挂載在/disk/disktwo路徑下

Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /

tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot

/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone

/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

/dev/sdc1                      20G  173M   19G   1% /disk/disktwo

磁盤已經挂載上了 

下面設定開機自動挂載 

編輯/etc/fstab檔案,再最後面添加 

/dev/sdc1(磁盤分區) /disk/disktwo(挂載目錄) ext3(檔案格式)defaults 0 0

vim /etc/fstab

/dev/sdc1(磁盤分區)  /disk/disktwo(挂載目錄) ext3(檔案格式)defaults  0  0

1

2

之後重新開機就OK啦!!!