TOEFL OG Reading tips

轉載請注明來自souldak，微網誌:@evagle

1. Reading introduction

3-5篇   700  字長 每篇配12-14道題 共有60-100分鐘，每篇是 20分鐘

2. 文章結構

文章的4種組織方式：

• classification
• comparison/contrast
• cause/effect
• problem/solution

3. 10種提問類型

Basic Information and Inferencing questions (11 to 13 questions per set)

1. Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set)

2. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set)

3. Inference questions (0 to 2 questions per set)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions (0 to 2 questions per set)

5. Vocabulary questions (3 to 5 questions per set)

6. Reference questions (0 to 2 questions per set)

7. Sentence Simplification questions (0 to 1 question per set)

8. Insert Text question (0 to 1 question per set)

Reading to Learn questions (1 per set)

9. Prose Summary

10. Fill in a Table

4. 每種類型的定義及解題方式

Type 1: Factual Information Questions

問的是文章描述過的一個事實，細節或者定義。這個在文章中是 明确提及了的。直接找答案就行。以下是常見問法

• According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
• The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?
• According to the paragraph, X occurred because . . .
• According to the paragraph, X did Y because . . .
• According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?
• The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?

Type 2: Negative Factual Information Questions

找出那個選項是對的或者是錯的，注意提幹的 NOT/EXCEPT

• According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
• The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

做完之後一定要堅持題目有沒有NOT/EXCEPT,小心答非所問

Type 3: Inference Questions

推理題：有   原因-結果推理、比較推理（A>B=>B<A）等

題幹有infer,suggest, imply

• Which of the following can be inferred about X?
• The author of the passage implies that X . . .
• Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?

不要憑自己猜測，需要根據文章來推理

Type 4: Rhetorical Purpose Questions

這個是問 為什麼提及某個人某個事物， 或者為什麼會有某句話、 句子間的關系， 段落間的關系等。

常用詞：definition, example,to illustrate, to explain, to contrast, to refute, to note, to criticize, function of

• The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to . . .
• Why does the author mention X?
• The author uses X as an example of . . .

Type 5: Vocabulary Questions

詞彙題，問詞彙的意思或者作用

• The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to
• In stating X, the author means that

要注意不是單詞的意思，而是要結合文章語境，給出在文中的意思。

Type 6: Reference Questions

指代題，ask you to identify referential relationship between the words in the passage.

• The word X in the passage refers to

注意指代和被指代的詞 單複數，人稱 等保持一緻

Type 7: Sentence Simplification Questions最多1題

其實就是找同義句，選出和高亮的句子意思表達一樣的句子

• Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the

  highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.

資訊相反、遺漏資訊、篡改資訊 都是錯的

Type 8: Insert Text Questions 最多1題

給一個句子，尋找插入的地方，不僅要考慮文章邏輯，而且也要考慮grammatical connections。會給出4個地方，選一個即可。

解法：每個地方試一下，看看插入後句子結構是否順暢，尤其注意連接配接詞要對應。句子前後都得對應的上。還有就是代詞的指代要能找到對應。

常用連詞

On the other hand / Further, or Furthermore / Similarly

For example / Therefore / In contrast / On the contrary

In other words / Finally /As a result

下面兩類需要對文章的結構非常的清晰，能夠提取主要的觀點以及輔助的用來支撐主要觀點的次要觀點。

Type 9: Prose Summary Questions

區分major idea from minor idea

essential from nonessentialinformation

6個選項選3個，選對2個得1分，選對3個得兩分，否則0分

Type 10: Fill in a Table Questions

給一個table和一堆選項，将選項移到正确的位置

5個選項的：3個得1分，4個2分，5個3分

7個選項的：4個得1分，5個2分，6個3分, 7個4分