前提:小白學習阿裡雲伺服器,記錄筆記。我的雲伺服器 作業系統是 CentOS 7.6 64位。
提醒:現阿裡雲雙12活動即将開始:
1:)【年中618】雲産品0.9折起
2:)雲主機3年付低至3折
3:)新使用者618福利專場,雲伺服器ECS低至91.8元/年
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~言歸正傳~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1、雲伺服器ECS 安裝開發環境
1-1)下載下傳安裝包,并将安裝包放在雲伺服器上
1、下載下傳開發需要的基本環境:JDK8、Tomcat8、Mysql5
這裡提供百度雲下載下傳:<br> 連結:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QhWxYOPp4CF0Vu7y_Dld6Q&shfl=sharepset <br> 提取碼:5q8i
2、将安裝包放在雲伺服器上
首先,用 xshell登入雲伺服器,并建立安裝包存放目錄。
[[email protected] /]# mkdir /home/temp
通過FileZilla或者xftp工具将安裝包導入 該目錄下。
1-2)安裝 JDK8
1、建立 java 目錄,并解壓 tar 包
切換到 /home/temp 目錄,将 jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz 解壓并複制到 /usr/local 目錄下。切換到 /usr/local 目錄下,建立軟連接配接 java 目錄,便于以後更改 jdk 版本。
[[email protected] /]# cd /home/temp
[[email protected] temp]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz
[[email protected] temp]# tar zxf jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ln -s jdk1.8.0_11/ java
2、設定 jdk 環境變量
通過 vim 編輯 /etc/profile,設定 jdk 環境變量
[[email protected] local]# vim /etc/profile
按“向下”箭頭定位到檔案最後一行,回車。按 "i" 鍵進行編輯,輸入
#set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME:$PATH
回車,按 esc 鍵 退出編輯,回車後輸入 ":wq!" 退出 vim。
輸入以下指令,使 profile 配置立即生效
[[email protected] local]# source /etc/profile
3、安裝完畢,測試
[[email protected] local]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_11"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_11-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.11-b03, mixed mode)
1-3)安裝 Tomcat-8.5.43
1、解壓 tar 包到 /usr/local 目錄
進入 /home/temp 目錄,将 apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz 解壓并複制到 /usr/local 檔案夾下。
[[email protected] local]# cd /home/temp
[[email protected] temp]# tar -zxf apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2、設定 JAVA_HOME
切換到 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin 檔案夾下,通過 vim 編輯setclasspath.sh,設定 JAVA_HOME
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin
[[email protected] bin]# vim setclasspath.sh
按“向上”箭頭定位到檔案到第一行,按 "i" 鍵進行編輯,輸入
# set jdk path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre
回車,按 esc 鍵 退出編輯,回車後輸入 ":wq!" 退出 vim。
3、啟動|關閉 tomcat,測試
執行 startup.sh,啟動 tomcat,檢視日志是否成功
[[email protected] bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
啟動成功,浏覽器輸入雲伺服器執行個體配置設定的公網IP位址,加8080端口看能否有tom貓出現。例如 http://119.192.205.186:8080/
注意:此時若通路不通,則可能是伺服器執行個體,沒有開通8080端口。看下邊,1-4)配置雲伺服器安全組
關閉 tomcat,則可以使用以下指令
[[email protected] bin]# ./shutdown.sh
4、編寫重新開機 tomcat 服務
建立 restart.sh 檔案(任意目錄,我建立在 /usr/local/tomcat下),通過 vim 編輯
[[email protected] bin]# cd /usr/local
[[email protected] local]# mkdir tomcat
[[email protected] local]# cd tomcat/
[[email protected] tomcat]# touch restart.sh
[[email protected] tomcat]# vim restart.sh
将以下内容複制到 restart.sh 中
#!/bin/bash
#linux下tomcat重新開機(設定你的Tomcat路徑)
tomcat_path=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
#關閉tomcat
${tomcat_path}/bin/shutdown.sh
#擷取已經啟動的pid
pid=`ps -ef | grep ${tomcat_path} | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}'`
#判斷pid是否為空,如果不為空,補償措施,強制kill掉pid
if [ -n "${pid}" ]; then
#列印那些pid被kill掉了
echo "kill tomcat: ${tomcat_path}; pid: ${pid}"
kill -9 ${pid}
#防止操作過快,未響應繼續了後面的動作
sleep 0.5
fi
#删除緩存,如不需要可以注釋掉
rm ${tomcat_path}/work/* -rf
#啟動tomcat
${tomcat_path}/bin/startup.sh
#列印啟動日志
tail -f ${tomcat_path}/logs/catalina.out
添加執行權限(這裡的u 這裡指檔案所有者,+x 添加可執行權限,*.sh表示所有的sh檔案。),并執行
[[email protected] tomcat]# chmod u+x *.sh
[[email protected] tomcat]# ./restart.sh
1-4)配置雲伺服器安全組
1、添加安全組
登入阿裡雲伺服器ECS,打開控制台,按以下圖檔操作(如需多個端口,可添加多條記錄)
<img src="aliyun-pic/2.png" width="98%" alt="雲安全組配置一"/> <img src="aliyun-pic/3.png" width="98%" alt="雲安全組配置二"/>
1-5)安裝 Mysql-5.7.22
1、檢查解除安裝 mariadb
阿裡雲ECS預設安裝了mariadb資料庫,安裝mysql前先解除安裝
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
2、解壓安裝 Mysql
- 1)切換到 /home/temp 目錄下,将 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 解壓并複制到 /usr/local。
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/temp/ [[email protected] temp]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
- 2)切換到 /usr/local,建立軟連接配接檔案夾 mysql。
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/ [[email protected] local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
- 3)添加系統 mysql組,添加mysql使用者。
[[email protected] local]# groupadd mysql [[email protected] local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
- 4)切換到 /mysql 目錄,設定目前目錄擁有者為mysql使用者
[[email protected] local]# cd mysql [[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./
- 5)安裝 libaio、libaio-devel
[[email protected] mysql]# yum install libaio* (回車,以下是日志) ...... Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages Total download size: 37 k Installed size: 46 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y (輸入 Y) Downloading packages: (1/2): libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Complete! [[email protected] mysql]# yum install -y libaio libaio-devel (回車,以下是日志) Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do
- 6)安裝 mysql 資料庫(指令 bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data),記錄臨時密碼(重要,後邊修改密碼要用到),我的臨時密碼是:/epdAbU7,3CK
[[email protected] mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data (回車,以下是日志) 2019-10-19T13:50:03.897327Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-10-19T13:50:04.977013Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-10-19T13:50:05.096715Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-10-19T13:50:05.202565Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5aed0cdd-f277-11e9-91a5-00163e055571. 2019-10-19T13:50:05.205240Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-10-19T13:50:05.205731Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: /epdAbU7,3CK
- 7)建立 RSA private key,修改目前目錄擁有者是mysql使用者,修改目前 data目錄擁有者是mysql使用者
[[email protected] mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data (回車,以下是日志) Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ...............+++ .+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .........................+++ ...+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ............+++ .................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' ----- [[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./ [[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
- 8)配置my.cnf。通過 vim /etc/my.cnf 編輯,将以下内容複制進去即可(按 i 鍵開始編輯,粘貼後回車,按 esc 鍵退出編輯,輸入 :wq! 回車退出vim)
[mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock #不區分大小寫 lower_case_table_names=1 #不開啟sql嚴格模式 sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid [mysql] default-character-set=utf8
- 9)添加開機啟動,并 編輯 /etc/inti.d/mysqld,
通過上下箭頭鍵找到 basedir、datadir 添加以下路徑,效果圖下圖[[email protected] mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
<img src="aliyun-pic/4.png" width="98%" alt="mysql basedir datadir設定"/>basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
- 10)啟動mysql,加入開機啟動
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. [ OK ] [[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig -add mysqld
- 11)登入,并修改密碼
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: (輸入臨時密碼) Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.22 ...... (修改密碼) mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (重新整理權限) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (添加使用者:111111為使用者密碼,test為使用者名) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'test'@'%' identified by '111111' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> exit
- 12)mysql指令啟動、關閉、重新開機
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] Starting MySQL. [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
- 13)安裝完成,可以使用工具連接配接資料庫了
3、配置雲伺服器安全組 開放3306端口
配置雲伺服器安全組,添加3306端口(詳情見 "1-4)配置雲伺服器安全組")
1-6)安裝 redis-5.0.3
1、安裝 gcc
以下指令逐一執行:
[[email protected] ~]yum install cpp
[[email protected] ~]yum install binutils
[[email protected] ~]yum install glibc-kernheaders
[[email protected] ~]yum install glibc-common
[[email protected] ~]yum install glibc-devel
[[email protected] ~]yum install gcc
[[email protected] ~]yum install make
2、下載下傳 redis,并安裝
切換到 /home/temp 目錄下,下載下傳 tar包,并解壓到 /use/local 目錄。切換到 /usr/local/redis-5.0.3 目錄下,執行 make 指令 安裝。
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/temp
[[email protected] temp]wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz
(...下載下傳過程)
[[email protected] temp]# tar xzf redis-5.0.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/redis-5.0.3/
[[email protected] redis-5.0.3]# make
(...安裝過程)
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src'
建立 /usr/local/redis 目錄
[[email protected] redis-5.0.3]# mkdir /usr/local/redis
将/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src 目錄下 redis-cli、redis-server 複制到 /usr/local/redis 目錄下
[[email protected] src]# cd src
[[email protected] src]# cp redis-cli redis-server /usr/local/redis
将 /usr/local/redis-5.0.3 目錄下的 redis.conf 複制到 /usr/local/redis 目錄下
[[email protected] src]# cd ..
[[email protected] redis-5.0.3]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis
3、vim 編輯 redis.conf,配置參數
通過vim編輯 redis.conf ,将啟動方式修改為後端啟動,并設定redis密碼。
[[email protected] redis-5.0.3]# cd /usr/lcoal/redis
[[email protected] redis]# vim redis.conf
設定密碼:
将啟動方法修改為後端啟動:
修改連結(需要慎重):
4、啟動|關閉 redis,并使用 redis-cli 連接配接測試
啟動 redis
[[email protected] redis]# ./redis-server redis.conf
5466:C 22 Oct 2019 17:17:37.170 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
5466:C 22 Oct 2019 17:17:37.170 # Redis version=5.0.3, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5466, just started
5466:C 22 Oct 2019 17:17:37.170 # Configuration loaded
用 redis-cli 工具連接配接測試
[[email protected] redis]# ./redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> auth 你設定的密碼
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set myName andy
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get myName
"andy"
127.0.0.1:6379>
關閉redis(redis-cli 登入成功後操作),可以使用
127.0.0.1:6379> shutdown
5、配置雲伺服器安全組 開放6379端口
配置雲伺服器安全組,添加6379端口(詳情見 "1-4)配置雲伺服器安全組")
1-7)安裝 maven-3.6.2
1、下載下傳 maven
maven 官網下載下傳位址:http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi 找到合适版本對應的 tar.gz 包,右鍵選擇“複制連接配接位址”,使用 wget 下載下傳
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/temp
[[email protected] temp]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
(以下是日志......)
2019-10-23 13:33:28 (52.7 MB/s) - ‘apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz’ saved [9142315/9142315]
2、解壓 tar 包
解壓 tar 包到 /usr/local 目錄下,并切換到該目錄下,建立 軟連接配接 maven
[[email protected] temp]# tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
(以下是日志......)
apache-maven-3.6.2/lib/maven-slf4j-provider-3.6.2.jar
apache-maven-3.6.2/lib/jansi-1.17.1.jar
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ln -s apache-maven-3.6.2/ maven
3、配置 maven 環境變量
vim 編輯 /etc/profile 檔案,将 maven 環境變量添加到最下邊,并重新設定Path(Java 環境變量在安裝 jdk 時已添加)
[[email protected] local]# vim /etc/profile
#set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
#set maven environment
export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/maven
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME:$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
4、執行配置,并測試 maven 是否安裝成功
[[email protected] apache-maven-3.6.2]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] apache-maven-3.6.2]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.6.2 (40f52333136460af0dc0d7232c0dc0bcf0d9e117; 2019-08-27T23:06:16+08:00)
Maven home: /usr/local/maven
Java version: 1.8.0_11, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
1-8)安裝 Jenkins
1、下載下傳 Jenkins
打開jenkins官網:https://jenkins.io/download/ ,選擇合适版本的 Generic Java package(.war),右鍵選擇“複制連接配接位址”,使用 wget 下載下傳
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/temp
[[email protected] test]# wget http://mirrors.jenkins.io/war/latest/jenkins.war
(以下是日志......)
--2019-10-24 13:26:44-- http://mirrors.jenkins.io/war/latest/jenkins.war
Resolving mirrors.jenkins.io (mirrors.jenkins.io)... 52.202.51.185
Connecting to mirrors.jenkins.io
......
2、安裝 Jenkins
将 jenkins.war 複制到 tomcat webapps 目錄下,重新開機tomcat
[[email protected] temp]# cp jenkins.war /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/webapps/
[[email protected] temp]# cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/webapps/
[[email protected] webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager jenkins jenkins.war manager ROOT
[[email protected] webapps]# rm jenkins.war
rm: remove regular file ‘jenkins.war’? y
[[email protected] webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager jenkins manager ROOT
浏覽器通路 Jenkins 項目,http://119.192.205.186/jenkins(你的公網IP:端口/項目名) ,進入首頁
<img src="aliyun-pic/8.png" width="98%" alt="jenkins 首頁"/>
3、修改配置
進入首頁後,先不急着按提示找到密碼并下一步操作,先修改以下配置項,不然很可能會遇到離線問題。
按提示,切換到 /roor/.jenkins 目前下
[[email protected] webapps]# cd /root/.jenkins
(檢視目前下 内容)
[[email protected] .jenkins]# ls
config.xml jobs secret.key.not-so-secret
hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml logs secrets
hudson.plugins.git.GitTool.xml nodeMonitors.xml updates
identity.key.enc nodes userContent
jenkins.install.InstallUtil.installingPlugins plugins users
jenkins.install.UpgradeWizard.state queue.xml.bak
jenkins.telemetry.Correlator.xml secret.key
(檢視 updates 目錄下 内容,并 vim 編輯 default.json 檔案)
[[email protected] .jenkins]# cd updates/
[[email protected] updates]# ls
default.json hudson.tasks.Maven.MavenInstaller
hudson.tasks.Ant.AntInstaller hudson.tools.JDKInstaller
(編輯 default.json ,如下圖所示,将 www.google.com 修改成 www.baidu.com)
[[email protected] updates]# vim default.json
(回到上一級。編輯 hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml,如下圖所示,将 https 修改成 http)
[[email protected] updates]# cd ..
[[email protected] .jenkins]# vim hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml
重新開機 tomcat,安裝 頁面提示,找到 管理者密碼,輸入,點選“繼續”
[[email protected] .jenkins]# tail /root/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
52df88db54a25ef68c32811b6590a0d0
選擇“安裝推薦的插件”,安裝插件
插件安裝後,跳入建立管理者使用者界面。至此,Jenkins安裝并初始化完成了
4、Jenkins使用文檔
jenkins使用文檔,參考:https://jenkins.io/zh/doc/pipeline/tour/getting-started/
歡迎通路我的Github位址:https://github.com/youmulongjie/andy_learn_aliyun 喜歡的留下 Star,謝謝!