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Android 性能優化工具之 LeakCanary

簡介

使用 MAT 來分析記憶體問題,有一些門檻,會有一些難度,并且效率也不是很高,對于一個記憶體洩漏問題,可能要進行多次排查和對比才能找到問題的原因。為了能簡單迅速的發現記憶體洩漏,Square 公司基于 MAT 開源了 LeakCanary

使用

  1. 在 app/build.gradle 中加入引用:
dependencies {
    //在 debug 版本中才會實作真正的功能
    debugImplementation 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.5.4'
    //在 release 版本中為空實作
    releaseImplementation 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5.4'
}
           
  1. 在 Application 中:
public class MyApplication extends Application {
    private RefWatcher mRefWatcher;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        mRefWatcher = setupLeakCanary();
    }

    private RefWatcher setupLeakCanary(){
        if (LeakCanary.isInAnalyzerProcess(this)) {
            return mRefWatcher.DISABLED;
        }
        return LeakCanary.install(this);
    }

    public static RefWatcher getRefWatcher(Context context) {
        MyApplication leakApplication = (MyApplication) context.getApplicationContext();
        return leakApplication.mRefWatcher;
    }
}

           
  1. 在需要回收的對象上,添加檢測代碼。

    LeakSingleton.java

public class LeakSingleton {
    private static LeakSingleton sInstance;
    private Context mContext;

    public static LeakSingleton getInstance(Context context) {
        if (sInstance == null) {
            sInstance = new LeakSingleton(context);
        }
        return sInstance;
    }

    private LeakSingleton(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }
}
           

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //讓這個單例對象持有 Activity 的引用
        LeakSingleton.getInstance(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //在 onDestroy 方法中使用 Application 中建立的 RefWatcher 監視需要回收的對象
        MyApplication.getRefWatcher(this).watch(this);
    }
}
           

在退出應用程式之後,我們會發現在桌面上生成了一個新的圖示,點選圖示進入,就是LeakCanary為我們分析出的導緻洩漏的引用鍊:

Android 性能優化工具之 LeakCanary

原理

當調用了 RefWatcher.watch() 方法之後,會觸發以下邏輯:

  • 建立一個 KeyedWeakReference,它内部引用了 watch 傳入的對象:
  • 在背景線程檢查引用是否被清除:
this.watchExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
           RefWatcher.this.ensureGone(reference, watchStartNanoTime);
      }
});
           
  • 如果沒有清除,那麼首先調用一次GC,假如引用還是沒有被清除,那麼把目前的記憶體快照儲存到.hprof檔案當中,并調用heapdumpListener進行分析:
void ensureGone(KeyedWeakReference reference, long watchStartNanoTime) {
        long gcStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
        long watchDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(gcStartNanoTime - watchStartNanoTime);
        this.removeWeaklyReachableReferences();
        if(!this.gone(reference) && !this.debuggerControl.isDebuggerAttached()) {
            this.gcTrigger.runGc();
            this.removeWeaklyReachableReferences();
            if(!this.gone(reference)) {
                long startDumpHeap = System.nanoTime();
                long gcDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(startDumpHeap - gcStartNanoTime);
                File heapDumpFile = this.heapDumper.dumpHeap();
                if(heapDumpFile == null) {
                    return;
                }
                long heapDumpDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startDumpHeap);
                this.heapdumpListener.analyze(new HeapDump(heapDumpFile, reference.key, reference.name, watchDurationMs, gcDurationMs, heapDumpDurationMs));
            }
        }
}
           
  • 上面說到的heapdumpListener的實作類為ServiceHeapDumpListener,它會啟動内部的HeapAnalyzerService:
public void analyze(HeapDump heapDump) {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(heapDump, "heapDump");
        HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis(this.context, heapDump, this.listenerServiceClass);
}
           
  • 這是一個IntentService,是以它的onHandlerIntent方法是運作在子線程中的,在通過HeapAnalyzer分析完畢之後,把最終的結果傳回給App端展示檢測的結果:
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        String listenerClassName = intent.getStringExtra("listener_class_extra");
        HeapDump heapDump = (HeapDump)intent.getSerializableExtra("heapdump_extra");
        AnalysisResult result = this.heapAnalyzer.checkForLeak(heapDump.heapDumpFile, heapDump.referenceKey);
        AbstractAnalysisResultService.sendResultToListener(this, listenerClassName, heapDump, result);
    }
           
  • HeapAnalyzer 會計算未能回收的引用到 Gc Roots 的最短引用路徑,如果洩漏,那麼建立導緻洩漏的引用鍊并通過 AnalysisResult傳回:
public AnalysisResult checkForLeak(File heapDumpFile, String referenceKey) {
        long analysisStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
        if(!heapDumpFile.exists()) {
            IllegalArgumentException snapshot1 = new IllegalArgumentException("File does not exist: " + heapDumpFile);
            return AnalysisResult.failure(snapshot1, this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
        } else {
            ISnapshot snapshot = null;

            AnalysisResult className;
            try {
                snapshot = this.openSnapshot(heapDumpFile);
                IObject e = this.findLeakingReference(referenceKey, snapshot);
                if(e != null) {
                    String className1 = e.getClazz().getName();
                    AnalysisResult result = this.findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, e, className1, true);
                    if(!result.leakFound) {
                        result = this.findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, e, className1, false);
                    }

                    AnalysisResult var9 = result;
                    return var9;
                }

                className = AnalysisResult.noLeak(this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
            } catch (SnapshotException var13) {
                className = AnalysisResult.failure(var13, this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
                return className;
            } finally {
                this.cleanup(heapDumpFile, snapshot);
            }

            return className;
        }
    }
           

參考文獻

LeakCanary 中文使用說明