1970年的圖靈獎獲得者-James Hardy Wilkinson

James Hardy Wilkinson (09/27/1919--10/05/1986)

圖 靈 獎 獲 得 時 間 ：

1970 年 。 第五位 圖 靈 獎獲 得 者 。

圖 靈 獎 引 用 (Turing Award Citation) ：

Citation

"For his research in numerical analysis to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and "backward" error analysis. "

中 文 翻 譯 ：

” ( 授 予 James H. Wilkinson 圖 靈 獎 以 表 彰 其 在 )數值分析(numberical analysis)研究領域的傑出貢獻。其工作加速了數字計算機(在科學計算中)的使用。Wilkinson線上性代數和向後誤差分析(backward error analysis)的創造性工作也獲得了非常大的成功。

編 者 注 ：

在數值分析中，我們知道著名的James H. Wilkinson多項式:

In numerical analysis, Wilkinson's polynomial of degree k is given by the formula

which has k roots: 1, 2, ..., k.

The problem of finding the roots is ill-conditioned: A small change in one coefficient can lead to drastic changes in the roots.

Wilkinson's polynomial of degree 20 has 20 roots, but, as the graph below shows, the function becomes almost horizontal near the x-axis.

　

數值分析簡介 :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis

http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mathematics/18-330Spring-2004/CourseHome/index.htm

http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%CA%FD%D6%B5%B7%D6%CE%F6&cl=3

另外，James Milkinson也是Pilot ACE計算機的主要貢獻者之一。Pilot ACE是英國

最早期的計算機之一。

Pilot ACE的資料可見：

　

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_ACE 

http://www.answers.com/topic/pilot-ace 

http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/treasure/objects/1956-152.asp

Turing Award Lecture(圖靈獎演講文章)：

"Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst". J. ACM 18(2): 137-147(1971 

James H. Wilkinson 簡 介 :

 James H. wilkinson1919年9月27日生于Strood, 英國。1986Wilkinson 在Trinity College, Cambridge以優異的成績畢業。1946年，Wilkinson加

入了National Physical Laboratory 并與Aln Turing(圖靈)一起設計ACE計算機,成為Turing的助手。。

關于著名的Trinity College, Cambridge, 可參見：

http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge 

　

Trinity College, Cambridge

　

Trinity College, Cambridge湧現過許多Nobel Prize獲得者，比如：

　

Trinity Nobel Prize Winners 　 1904 Lord Rayleigh (Physics) 1906 J. J. Thomson (Physics) 1908 Ernest Rutherford (Chemistry) 1915 Sir William Henry Bragg (Physics) 1915 Lawrence Bragg (Physics) 1917 Charles Glover Barkla (Physics) 1921 Niels Bohr (Physics) 1922 Archibald V. Hill (Physiology or Medicine) 1925 Sir Austen Chamberlain (Peace) 1928 Owen Willans Richardson (Physics) 1929 Sir Frederick Hopkins (Physiology or Medicine) 1932 Edgar Adrian (Physiology or Medicine) 1936 Sir Henry Dale (Physiology or Medicine) 1937 George Paget Thomson (Physics) 1946 Edgar V. Appleton (Physics) 1950 Bertrand Russell (Literature) 1951 Ernest T. S. Watson (Physiology or Medicine) 1952 Richard L. M. Synge (Chemistry) 1962 John C. Kendrew (Chemistry) 1963 Alan L. Hodgkin (Physiology or Medicine) 1963 Andrew F. Huxley (Physiology or Medicine) 1973 Brian D. Josephson (Physics) 1974 Martin Ryle (Physics) 1977 James E. Meade (Economic Sciences) 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa (Physics) 1980 Walter Gilbert (Chemistry) 1982 Aaron Klug (Chemistry) 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar (Physics) 1996 James A. Mirlees (Economic Sciences) 1998 John Pople (Chemistry) 1998 Amartya Sen (Economics)

關于著名的 National Physical Laboratory(NPL), 可參見：

http://www.npl.co.uk/

　

James H. Wilkinson的一些曆史照片

J. H. Wilkinson and the Pilot ACE, 1951, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England.

Wilkinson describing a matrix algorithm to an audience at Argonne in the early 1970s.

關于James H. Wilkinson更詳細的生平介紹可參見：

http://www-groups.dcs.stand.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Wilkinson.html