樹莓派4 安裝 UbuntuServer20.04.1X64 位系統

01 準備資源

• 下載下傳系統

https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi

Ubuntu Server 20.04.1 LTS

選擇樹莓派4 的

64bit

版本

https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz

• 下載下傳燒錄工具

從 https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/ 下載下傳燒錄軟體 imager_1.5 。作業系統也可以在這個工具上面下載下傳。

• 燒錄系統

  

  

• 安裝系統

  把燒錄好的tf卡插入樹莓派4 tf卡槽内，網線連接配接路由。加電啟動。

02 系統初始化

# 檢視樹莓派4的ip位址
arp -a | findstr dc-a6-32
# 192.168.31.229        dc-a6-32-e1-6b-7f     動态
# 或者從路由器上面檢視樹莓派的ip位址

# 用終端連接配接查到的ip，并且修改ubuntu的密碼，初始化賬号密碼都是ubuntu
# 修改密碼後，用新密碼重新連接配接終端

# 檢視系統資訊
[email protected]:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 5.4.0-1015-raspi #15-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 05:34:24 UTC 2020 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
[email protected]:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
[email protected]:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
BogoMIPS	: 108.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd08
CPU revision	: 3

processor	: 1
BogoMIPS	: 108.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd08
CPU revision	: 3

processor	: 2
BogoMIPS	: 108.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd08
CPU revision	: 3

processor	: 3
BogoMIPS	: 108.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd08
CPU revision	: 3

Hardware	: BCM2835
Revision	: d03114
Serial		: 100000007deba538
Model		: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4
[email protected]:~$ lscpu
Architecture:                    aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
CPU(s):                          4
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-3
Thread(s) per core:              1
Core(s) per socket:              4
Socket(s):                       1
Vendor ID:                       ARM
Model:                           3
Model name:                      Cortex-A72
Stepping:                        r0p3
CPU max MHz:                     1500.0000
CPU min MHz:                     600.0000
BogoMIPS:                        108.00
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:              Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:               Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Vulnerable
Vulnerability Srbds:             Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected
Flags:                           fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
[email protected]:~$ 
           

03 安裝必要軟體包

# 更新 更新源位址
# 阿裡位址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports
# 中國科技大學位址：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports
# sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
# sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 将裡面的http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports 全部替換成 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports 或者 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports

# 安裝必要軟體
sudo apt install -y cmake network-manager wireless-tools net-tools aptitude libtool libtool-bin zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev

# 更新已安裝的軟體包
sudo apt -y upgrade

# 安裝gcc開發工具
sudo apt install -y build-essential manpages-dev
sudo apt install -y software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt install gcc-7 g++-7 gcc-8 g++-8 gcc-9 g++-9 gcc-10 g++-10

# 設定c++編譯器不同版本的優先級，70，80，90，100 為優先級，數字最大者被啟用
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-10 100 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 90 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-9
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 70 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7

# 手動切換編譯器版本
sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
           

04 配置jdk

# 安裝jdk1.8
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

# 配置環境變量
sudo vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-arm64
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
           

05 配置無線網絡

# 檢視狀态
nmcli d

# 檢視可用wifi
sudo nmcli dev wifi

# 設定wifi賬号,密碼(注意大小寫及權限)
sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "wifi名" password "密碼"

############################################
# 設定開機自動連接配接無線網絡
sudo nmcli con mod "wifi名" connection.autoconnect yes
############################################

# 檢視狀态
nmcli d
# 檢視無線網卡ip位址
ip addr show wlan0

# 配置靜态ip位址
#配置無線網卡靜态ip
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.addresses 192.168.0.105/24
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.gateway 192.168.0.1
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.method manual
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8"
nmcli con up SSID
# 檢視無線網卡ip位址
ip addr show wlan0
           

06 安裝桌面及配置遠端桌面連接配接服務

# 安裝ubuntu桌面Gnome類型
sudo apt install -y ubuntu-desktop

## 安裝ubuntu桌面Xface類型
## 參考 https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-your-raspberry-pi#5-install-a-desktop
#sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop
#sudo apt install lubuntu-desktop

# 安裝遠端桌面服務
sudo apt install -y xrdp

# 将遠端桌面服務xrdp添加到ssl-cert組
sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert

# 重新開機xrdp服務
sudo systemctl restart xrdp

# 在防火牆中添加遠端通路限制
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.31.0/24 to any port 3389

## 允許任何ip位址通路
#sudo ufw allow 3389

# 使用mstsc遠端連接配接