常用的Unix指令備忘

瀵瑰父?ㄧ??Unix?戒護??涓?浜??葷?...

?規????缁???锛?

Ctrl+h ?ㄥ?戒護琛?涓????ゆ??涓?涓?瀛?绗???

Ctrl+u ?ㄥ?戒護琛?涓????ゆ??涓?琛???

Ctrl+d? ???哄?戒護锛???璇?shell杈??ョ???浜???

ls

ls -l 璇?????虹??褰?涓?????浠朵俊??锛????ф??浠跺????搴???

ls -t ???虹??褰?涓?????浠朵俊??锛????т慨?規?ユ????搴???

ls -lrt ???虹??褰?涓?????浠朵俊??锛????т慨?規?ユ????搴???搴???

ls -lh ???虹??褰?涓?????浠朵俊??锛????ф??浠跺????搴?锛???浠剁??澶у?淇℃??浠?锛?G???瑰??劇ず??

ls -lS ???虹??褰?涓?????浠朵俊??锛????ф??浠跺ぇ灏???搴?锛???inux涓????????nix-SunOS涓?涓??界?????

ls -R ??褰????虹??褰?涓?瀛???浠跺す涓???浠剁??淇℃????

ls | wc -w 缁?璁＄??褰?涓???浠剁???扮????

cd

cd $HOME=cd 杩??ョ?ㄦ?風??榛?璁ょ??褰???

cd .. 杩??ュ?????褰???涓?涓?绾х??褰???

mkdir

mkdir t1 t2 涓?娆″?ㄥ?????褰?涓?寤虹??t1锛?t2涓や釜??褰???

mkdir -p t3/t4 涓?娆″?ㄥ?????褰?涓?寤虹??t3锛?濡???t3涓?瀛??ㄧ??璇?锛?锛???3涓?寤虹??t4??褰???

mkdir -p /home/test/{old,new,dist,bugs},涓?娆″緩绔?4涓???褰?.

rmdir???藉???ょ┖??褰?

rmdir -p t3/t4=rmdir t3/t4锛?灏?t4??褰????わ?t3??褰?杩?瀛???rm -r t3 灏?t3浠ュ???跺????褰?锛?瀛???浠跺?ㄥ??????

??浠舵?ョ???戒護:cat,more,less,head,less:

cat涓?娆℃?劇ず??浠剁????????瀹癸?濡?????浠跺??瀹矽?杩?涓?灞?锛?????浼??劇ず????涓?灞?????瀹癸???甯?at?ㄦ?ュ???涓???浠跺??骞跺?頒?涓???浠訛?涓???涓??ㄦ??iew??浠躲??

cat file1 file2 > file

more??浠ユ?у?舵?劇ず澶?灏?琛??ュ??椤墊?劇ず??

less??椤墊?劇ず???跺??浠ョ?ㄥ?戒護?ュ???版?ユ?劇?????姐??

head?劇ず澶村?灏?琛?锛?tail?劇ず缁?灏懼?灏?琛???tail -f filename ?ㄦ?????扮?灏劇??淇℃??.

du /etc | sort -nr | less ?ョ????褰?涓???涓???浠剁??澶у?锛???浠?澶у?闆???搴??劇ず??

find -size +100M -print:???闆?哄?????褰?澶т?100M????浠?

find -type f -exec grep -q -s xyz{} \; -print ?ㄥ?????褰?涓??懼????xyz瀛?绗?????浠?

瑙ｅ???

.tar?

瑙ｅ??锛?tar xvf FileName.tar

????锛?tar cvf FileName.tar DirName

锛?娉??tar??????锛?涓?????缂╋?锛?

.gz

瑙ｅ??1锛?gunzip FileName.gz

瑙ｅ??2锛?gzip -d FileName.gz

??缂╋?gzip FileName

.tar.gz ?? .tgz

瑙ｅ??锛?tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz

??缂╋?tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName

tar.bz2

??缂╋?tar -jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 dir

瑙ｅ??锛?tar -jxvf FileName.tar.bz2

.zip

瑙ｅ??锛?unzip FileName.zip

??缂╋?zip FileName.zip DirName

2> &1 & 瑙ｉ??

1 ??stdout,2??stderr,>????瀹???,&1浠ｈ〃???㈣???瀹?????stdout(out.file),???㈢??&浠ｈ〃???拌?琛?

command?? > out.file???? 2> &1?? &

command?? > out.file??灏?command??杈??洪??瀹?????ut.file??浠??寵??哄??瀹逛????闆?闆?骞?涓?,????杈??哄??ut.file??浠朵腑??

2> &1?? ??灏??????洪????瀹????版????杈???杩?????????杈??哄凡缁???瀹????頒?out.file??浠??沖??????洪??涔?杈??哄??ut.file??浠朵腑??

????涓?涓?&?? ,?? ??璁╄?ュ?戒護?ㄥ???版?ц???

浣???浠ョ?? ls?? 2> 1娴?璇?涓?涓?,涓?浼??ユ病??2??浠剁????璇?,浣?浼?杈??轟?涓?绌虹????浠?锛?

ls?? xxx?? 2> 1娴?璇?,娌℃??xxx杩?涓???浠剁????璇?杈??哄?頒?1涓?锛?

ls?? xxx?? 2> &1娴?璇?,涓?浼?????1杩?涓???浠朵?,涓?杩???璇?璺??版????杈??轟?锛?

ls?? xxx?? > out.txt?? 2> &1,?? 瀹???涓????㈡???? ls?? xxx?? 1> out.txt?? 2> &1锛???瀹???绗???gt; 榛?璁ゆ??1,??璇???杈??洪?戒???ut.txt浜???

command?? > out.file???? 2> &1? = command?? >&? out.file

??ASH涓?,??oruce??. ?ц?shell script琛ㄧず????涓?浜х??瀛?杩?绋?,濡?褰?????褰?涓???涓?涓?testsh????,??source ./testsh ??. ./testsh?ц???testsh??褰?????bash???ㄥ??涓?涓?杩?绋?涓?, 濡???浠?./testsh???瑰?杩?琛???璇?,testsh????涓烘??璋???瀛?shell.

echo $SHELL???????? ?ョ??褰????ㄦ?烽?璁ょ??SHELL

echo? $0????????????? ?ョ???ㄦ?峰???姝ｅ?ㄤ嬌?ㄧ??SHELL???

lsof | grep xxfile??? ?ョ??????????寮?xxfile??杩?绋?

:w ! sudo tee %

褰?浣???i涓?淇??逛???澶╅??缃???浠訛??跺?????版病????????锛?娌℃??姣?杩??翠護浜烘???版??璐ヤ?锛?姝ゆ?朵???瑕?杩??″?戒護??

?ョ??OS淇℃??:

lsb_release -a

cat /etc/issue

cat /proc/version

uname -a

netconfig杩??? ??etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart 璁╀慨?圭????

ifconfig杩???绔??崇????褰??堕????璁劇疆浼?涓㈠け

Ctrl + C To terminate

Ctrl + D signals EOF

Ctrl + Z suppends a program

umount?虹??evice is busy瑙ｅ??umount -l

mount -o loop,iocharset=gb2312 /dir/xxx.iso /mnt/xxx 灏?涓?涓?iso??浠剁?存??ount??浣跨??

man ascii ?ョ??ascii??琛?

CentOS install software: yum install xxxx

ubuntu install software: wget?-c?http://downloads.openfabrics.org/qperf/qperf-0.4.8.tar.gz? apt-get?install?autoconf