MinGW：安裝gcc、g++

1.MinGW是什麼？

wiki：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinGW

MinGW (“Minimalist GNU for Windows”), formerly mingw32, is a free and open source software development environment to create Microsoft Windows applications.

簡單來說，MinGW是一系列工具集合，包括類似yum、rpm的庫/包管理功能。

The development of the MinGW project has been forked with the creation in 2005–2008 of an alternative project called Mingw-w64.

MinGW有一個fork版本，即Mingw-w64。（同時支援32bit和64bit）

MinGW includes a port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Binutils for Windows (assembler, linker, archive manager), a set of freely distributable Windows specific header files and static import libraries which enable the use of the Windows API, a Windows native build of the GNU Project’s GNU Debugger, and miscellaneous utilities.

MinGW包括的内容，有gcc編譯器、連結器、頭檔案等。

MinGW can be run either on the native Microsoft Windows platform, cross-hosted on Linux (or other Unix), or “cross-native” on Cygwin. Although programs produced under MinGW are 32-bit executables, they can be used both in 32 and 64-bit versions of Windows.

注意：基于MinGW生成的可執行檔案都是32bit的。

2.MinGW怎麼裝？

2.1.安裝目錄

D:\app\MinGW

2.2.下載下傳檔案

https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/

mingw-get-setup.exe

2.3.安裝 MinGW Installation Manager

注意，選擇安裝目錄為：D:\app\MinGW

安裝中…

點選：Continue

安裝成功後，将會自動打開 MinGW Installation Manager：

此時，MinGW/bin中僅有mingw-get.exe。

[email protected] MINGW64 /d/app
$ ll MinGW/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 0 Jun 22 14:58 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 0 Jun 22 14:58 libexec/
drwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 0 Jun 22 14:58 share/
drwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 0 Jun 22 14:58 var/

[email protected] MINGW64 /d/app
$ ll MinGW/bin
total 52
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 52224 Oct  5  2013 mingw-get.exe*
           

2.4.安裝 gcc、g++等庫/包

選中所有的package：

點選左上角Installation：Apply Changes，進行安裝：

安裝完成，關閉對話視窗：

此時，MinGW\bin中包含我們常見的：

c++.exe、cpp.exe、g++.exe、gcc.exe、gdb.exe、ld.exe、nm.exe、objdump.exe等等。

$ ll c++.exe cpp.exe g++.exe gcc.exe gdb.exe ld.exe nm.exe objdump.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609   997902 May 30  2017 c++.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609   996366 Jul 25  2017 cpp.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609   997902 May 30  2017 g++.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609   995342 Jul 25  2017 gcc.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609 30595068 Sep 15  2013 gdb.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609  1291278 May 22  2017 ld.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609   978958 May 22  2017 nm.exe*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 EB 197609  1756174 May 22  2017 objdump.exe*
           

2.5.配置環境變量PATH

将D:\app\MinGW\bin添加到環境變量PATH中：

控制台\系統和安全\系統->進階系統設定->環境變量->使用者變量->編輯變量PATH：

新增路徑D:\app\MinGW\bin，然後确認儲存即可。

3.MinGW測試使用

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有權利。

C:\Users\EB>where gcc g++
D:\app\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe
D:\app\MinGW\bin\g++.exe

C:\Users\EB>gcc --version
gcc (MinGW.org GCC-6.3.0-1) 6.3.0
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


C:\Users\EB>g++ --version
g++ (MinGW.org GCC-6.3.0-1) 6.3.0
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
           

4.MinGW安裝常見問題？

4.1.報錯1

mingw-get: *** ERROR *** http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/mingw/mingw-get-0.6.2-mingw32-beta-20131004-1-bin.tar.xz?download:cannot open URL

解決方法：科學上網。

4.2.報錯2

解決方法：科學上網。