> Jimmy Carter to receive hospice care
美國前總統卡特接受臨終關懷
FILE PHOTO: Former US President Jimmy Carter takes questions from the media during a news conference at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Georgia, US August 20, 2015. [Photo/Agencies]
Jimmy Carter, 98, the oldest living former US president, has opted to spend his final days at his Georgia home receiving hospice care, his namesake nonprofit foundation says.
現年98歲的吉米•卡特是目前在世最年長的美國前總統。美國卡特中心18日釋出聲明稱，卡特決定不再接受醫療幹預，而是選擇在佐治亞州的家中接受臨終關懷服務。
"After a series of short hospital stays, former US President Jimmy Carter today decided to spend his remaining time at home with his family and receive hospice care instead of additional medical intervention," the Carter Center said."He has the full support of his family and his medical team."
“在經過一系列的短期住院治療後，前總統吉米•卡特決定放棄接受醫療幹預，選擇在家中與家人共度生命的最後時日。”卡特中心的聲明說，“這一決定獲得他的家人和醫療團隊全力支援。”
The Carter Center did not say what prompted the nonagenarian to forgo "additional medical intervention".
卡特中心的聲明并未詳細說明卡特近期為何就診以及為何選擇接受臨終關懷。
One of his grandsons, Jason Carter, tweeted late on Saturday: "I saw both of my grandparents yesterday. They are at peace and — as always — their home is full of love."
周六（18日）下午，卡特的孫子傑森•卡特在社交媒體發文确認了卡特将在家中接受臨終關懷的消息。他表示，他前一天探望了祖父祖母，“他們如往常一般很平和，他們的家中也充滿了愛”。
Carter has overcome serious health problems in recent years, most notably when he announced in 2015 that he had brain cancer but late that year declared he was cancer free after treatment, according to US media reports.
據美國媒體報道，卡特近年來遭遇了一系列健康危機。2015年，他被診出腦部存在惡性良性腫瘤。但治療過後，醫生在當年年底宣布卡特腦内已無癌細胞存在。
> Nightly sleep is key to student success
晚間睡眠對學生來說，很重要！
[Photo/IC]
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA).
一支由多機構組成的研究團隊首次評估了學期初晚間睡眠時間對大學新生期末平均績點的影響。
Using Fitbit sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes accumulate when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.
通過Fitbit睡眠追蹤器，研究人員發現學生平均每晚睡眠時間為6.5小時，當學生每晚睡眠時間少于6小時時，負面效應就會累積。
The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
該研究結果2月13日發表在《美國科學院院報》上。
Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night, but many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
睡眠指南建議青少年每晚睡眠時間為8-10個小時，但許多大學生都存在睡眠不規律和睡眠不足的問題。
David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.
（卡内基梅隆大學）迪特裡希人文與社會科學學院心理學和神經科學教授大衛•克雷斯維爾帶領一組研究人員評估睡眠與GPA之間的關系。
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
克雷斯維爾說：“動物研究表明了睡眠對學習和記憶至關重要。我們的研究論證了睡眠對人類學習和記憶的影響。大一學生在學期初的夜間睡眠越少，預示着學期結束時GPA越低。睡眠不足可能損害了大學生的學習能力。”
The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities.
該研究對三所大學600多名大一學生進行了5項研究。
The students wore wrist Fitbit devices to monitor and record their sleep patterns.
學生在手腕上佩戴Fitbit裝置來監測和記錄他們的睡眠模式。
The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
研究人員發現，參與研究的學生平均每晚睡眠僅為6.5小時。
More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance.
更令人驚訝的是，研究人員發現，睡眠不足6小時的學生學習成績明顯下滑。
In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in the end-of-term GPA.
此外，睡眠每減少1小時，期末GPA下降0.07。
“Once you start dipping below six hours, you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt that can impair a student’s health and study habits, compromising the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.”
克雷斯維爾說：“一旦你的睡眠時間開始低于 6 小時，就會開始積累大量的睡眠債，這會損害學生的健康和學習習慣，進而危及全局。最令我驚訝的是，無論我們采取什麼措施來消除這種影響，它都會持續存在。”
“A popular belief among college students is that one should value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. "Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs from reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
克雷斯維爾還說：“很多大學生認為，晚上多學習或多聚會很重要。但我們的研究表明，減少夜間睡眠的代價可能是影響你的學習能力和學業表現。在安排時間時有必要考慮夜間睡眠的重要性。”
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來源：chinadaily.com.cn