俄羅斯軍事曆史學家尤裡•克努托夫認為，“即使日本人的暴行衆所周知，但是，今天人們仍要記住日本軍國主義者的殘忍，記住他們是如何大規模摧毀中國人口，并侮辱我們的公民。”喪心病狂的日本侵略者，對各國人民犯下了累累罪行，尤其是在大陸，日本推行三光政策，燒光、殺光、搶光，給大陸百姓帶來了沉重災難。多行不義必自斃，日本侵略者最終為自己的累累罪行付出了代價。在美版知乎Quora上，美國網友提問道：現在的普通日本人是怎樣看待日本的二戰暴行的？這個問題引起各國網友的圍觀和熱議，我們來看看他們的觀點。注：本文章僅選擇性參考極少部分日本網友意見，不代表其集體意志。
問題：年輕一代的日本人了解他們的先輩在二戰時的所作所為嗎？他們是怎樣看待其二戰惡行的？
日本網友内野伊奇的回答
Ten years after the end of World War II, I was born in Japan. When I grew up in Japan, the adults around me didn't know much about the process of the war. My mother sometimes mentioned the suffering during and after the war, especially the food shortage. Hunger is always the deepest memory. She seems to have nothing else to say.
二戰結束十年後，我出生在日本。我在日本長大，周圍的成年人對戰争的過程并沒有太多的了解。我母親有時會提到戰争期間和戰後的苦難，尤其是食物短缺，饑餓永遠是最深刻的回憶，除此之外她似乎沒有什麼别的話要說。
When I recently asked her about wartime mobilization, she mentioned her role in women's labor mobilization. She worked in a factory that produced candy for Japanese soldiers. My father hardly mentioned his wartime experience. He was drafted from the University at the end of the war, but he could not continue to participate in the war because the war was soon over, and his position in the army was technical and did not have to go to battle with a gun.
我最近問她戰時動員的情況，她才提到她在婦女勞動動員中的角色，她曾在一家為日本士兵生産糖果的工廠工作。我父親幾乎從未提及過他的戰時經曆。他是在戰争即将結束時從大學應征入伍的，但他沒能持續參戰，因為戰争很快就結束了，而且他在軍隊中的職位是技術性的，不必持槍上陣。
I was just a little girl at that time. I felt that my father had experienced a lot after the war. Later, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The inhuman atrocities of the Japanese army were his indelible nightmare.
我當時隻是一個小女孩，我感覺到父親在戰争結束後經曆了很多，後來經診斷他得了創傷後應激障礙（PTSD），日軍非人的暴行是他難以磨滅的夢魇。
In post-war Japan, the belief system has undergone great changes and completed the transformation from radical nationalism to a war crime country. Of course, General Douglas MacArthur and his American occupation Corps in Japan have strengthened the concept of Japan's defeat.
戰後的日本，信仰體系發生了巨大的變化，完成了從激進的民族主義到戰争犯罪國家的轉變，當然，道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟将軍和他在日本的美國占領軍團隊強化了日本落敗的觀念。
Young and sensitive people are particularly vulnerable to this drastic and extreme change in values. I think my father is one of the people seriously affected. He became indifferent and suspicious, lost his patriotism and no longer believed in any value system.
年輕而敏感的人尤其容易受到這種劇烈而極端的價值觀轉變的影響，我認為我父親是受到嚴重影響的人之一。他變得冷漠和狐疑，失去了愛國主義精神，再也不相信任何價值體系。
Many people outside Japan believe that the Japanese people have always been nationalists whether World War II failed or not. In fact, many Japanese lost confidence in their country and themselves because of their defeat. Their children, like me, were also affected by their indifference. Of course, this is nothing compared with countries ravaged by militarist fascism. It has been more than 70 years since then. I hope this situation can be changed.
日本以外的許多人認為，無論二戰是否失敗，日本人民一直都是民族主義者。事實上，許多日本人因為戰敗而對國家失去了信心，對自己也失去了信心，他們的孩子，像我一樣，也受到了他們冷漠的影響。當然，這與被軍國主義法西斯蹂躏的國家相比都不算什麼，從那以後到現在已經70多年了，我希望這種情況可以改變。
美國專家德塞斯的回答
Although I am not Japanese, I have a long-term Japanese friend. Let me retell what he told me over the years.
我雖然不是日本人，但我有一個長期相處的日本朋友，下面我來轉述一下他多年來告訴我的話。
Some of the old people left after the defeat (his parents were not among them) were not ashamed of the behavior of the Japanese fascist Empire, but ashamed of the inability of the Japanese Imperial Army to complete its tasks. In other words, it's a pity that they didn't win the war!
戰敗後剩下的一些老人（他的父母不在其中）并不為日本法西斯帝國的行為感到羞恥，而是為日本帝國軍隊無法完成任務感到羞恥。換句話說，他們認為這場戰争沒能打赢真是太遺憾了！
Nevertheless, these extreme people are very rare, because many people who are still alive and experienced the second world war now know the truth (Nanjing Massacre, North Korea, comfort women, torture of captured Allied soldiers, etc.) and no longer feel that these things are just propaganda by China, South Korea or the west to humiliate Japan, but the real history at that time. Even so, perhaps out of shame or shame, they would rather forget it and not talk about it at all.
盡管如此，這些極端的人都是相對罕見的，因為許多仍然活着的經曆過二戰的一代人現在知道了真相（南京大屠殺、北韓、慰安婦、對被俘盟軍士兵的酷刑等等）不再覺得這些東西隻是中國、南韓或西方為羞辱日本而進行的宣傳，而是當時發生的真實曆史。即便如此，或許是出于慚愧或恥辱，他們還是甯願把它忘在腦後，幹脆不談論它。
As for the atomic bomb, some people are still dissatisfied with it, but now more people admit that these things are necessary to end the war. In the process, they have saved much more lives than those killed in the war and avoided the complete destruction of the whole Japan. Many people also believe that Japan is lucky to be occupied only by the United States / allies, rather than by semi Soviet and semi allied forces like all other countries participating in the war, including South Korea, a country that participated in the war only because of the occupation and conscription of the Japanese Empire.
至于原子彈轟炸，仍有一些人對此感到不滿，但現在更多的人承認，這些事情對于結束戰争是必要的，在這個過程中，他們挽救了比因戰争死去的多得多的生命，并避免了整個日本的徹底覆滅。許多人還認為，日本幸運地隻被美國/盟軍占領，而不是像其他所有參戰國家一樣被半蘇聯半盟軍占領，包括一個僅因日本帝國占領和征兵而參戰的國家——南韓。
As for Japan's younger generation (aged 50 and under), they separate their parents / grandparents' Japan from today's Japan, almost like two completely different countries.
至于日本的年輕一代（50歲及以下），他們将父母/祖父母的日本與今天的日本分開，幾乎就像兩個完全不同的國家。
I can understand why they do this, and I can understand that young people in other countries always look very negatively at today's Japan, because Japanese young people always say: it is impossible to imagine "why those evil Americans think they must drop nuclear bombs on such a peaceful and prosperous country".
我能了解他們為什麼會這樣做，我也能了解其他國家的年輕人總是非常負面得看待今天的日本，因為日本年輕人總是說：無法想象“為什麼那些邪惡的美國人認為他們必須向這樣一個和平、繁榮的國家投下核彈”。
The young Japanese just look forward, but do not want to admit how much suffering their ancestors have brought to Asia Pacific countries. Those who understand the real history also know that history must not repeat itself.
年輕的日本人隻是向前看，卻不願承認他們的先輩對亞太各國帶來了多麼大的苦難，那些了解真實曆史的人也知道，曆史絕不能重演。
Why am I worried that Japan wants to rearm itself to deal with the increasing tension in East Asia? Although the Japanese Empire has long ceased to exist, extreme ideas and traditions still exist in Japanese young people. Japan hopes to get rid of the restrictions of the United States and the post-war constitution and safeguard its sovereignty and influence in the region.
為什麼我很擔心日本想要重新武裝自己，以應對東亞日益加劇的緊張局勢呢？雖然日本帝國早已不複存在，但極端思想和傳統仍然存在于日本年輕人身上，日本希望擺脫美國和戰後憲法的限制，維護自己在該地區的主權和影響力。
美國網友Aki Marushima的回答
War is a terrible thing. I have learned a lot from it. I am a mixed American and Japanese. I was born and educated in the United States.
戰争是一件可怕的事情，我從這裡學到了很多答案。我是美日混血，我在美國出生和接受教育的美國人。
From the time spent in Japan, the many Japanese family members and the general interest in history, I think most Japanese adults are aware of the atrocities committed by Japan during World War II. However, due to lack of education, they are indifferent to this cruel history, and they always mention it seriously or don't want to talk about relevant topics in depth.
從在日本度過的時間、有許多日本家庭成員以及對曆史普遍感興趣來看，我認為大多數日本成年人都知道日本在二戰期間犯下的暴行。但因為缺乏教育，他們對于這段殘忍的曆史都很冷漠，而且提及的時候總是很嚴肅，或者不想深入談論相關話題。
Japanese children have no realistic understanding of the war launched by Japan since primary school education. For example, from the Manchukuo invasion in 1931 to the end of World War II in 1945.
日本孩子從國小教育開始就對日本發起的戰争沒有現實的認識，比如說從1931年滿洲入侵到1945年二戰結束。
In the near post-war period, the Japanese government should educate children to understand the origin of the war to a certain extent. More importantly, it should have a lot of discussion on Japan's war atrocities. But even under the rule of the United States, these educational contents are not always transparent. During this period, the Ministry of education proposed a very cold method to educate children, which was in sharp contrast to Germany's decision at that time to deeply reflect on the war.
在戰後不久的時期，日本政府就應該在一定程度上教育學童了解戰争的起源，更重要要對日本的戰争暴行進行大量讨論。可即使在美國的統治下，這些教育内容也并不總是透明的。在這段時間裡，教育部提出了一種非常冷淡的方法來教育孩子們，這與德國當時的決定——深刻反思戰争形成了鮮明的對比。
Therefore, Japanese children are unfortunately kept in the dark about their intentions. Today, ordinary Japanese people are quite vague about the key history from 1931 to 1945, just like facing a black hole. They believe that this history should be completely dusty. So as a result, they don't know how serious the Japanese were in the World War II. If so, their first reaction is to deny it. This attitude will certainly lead to endless debate on war crimes between neighboring countries.
是以，日本孩子們不幸被意圖蒙在鼓裡。如今，日本普通群眾對于1931年至1945年的關鍵曆史相當模糊，就像是面對一個黑洞，他們認為這段曆史應該徹底塵封。是以結果是，他們不知道日本人在二戰中的罪責到底有多嚴重，如果有的話，他們的第一反應就是否認，這種态度當然會引發鄰國之間關于戰争罪的無休止的争論。
Therefore, Japan's view of history mainly has two problems:
是以日本的曆史觀主要有兩個問題：
First, Japanese children are rarely taught the dark side of their country's history, which is understandable for almost everyone and the country.
首先，日本兒童很少被灌輸他們國家曆史黑暗的一面，可以了解幾乎每個人和國家都是這樣的。
American children know about slavery, but they rarely know the nightmare details of it. German children know the Nazi party, but I doubt whether they will study the heinous torture such as gas stove execution, germ research and living person anatomy. They may not be able to accept and understand these events until their hearts are strong enough.
美國孩子知道奴隸制，但很少了解這個制度下諸多噩夢般的細節。德國的孩子們知道納粹黨，但我懷疑他們是否會研究毒氣爐處決，病菌研究、活人解剖等令人發指的酷刑。可能直到他們内心足夠強大，才能夠接受和了解這些事件。
Therefore, if you ask the children how they will react when they learn about the rape and murder cases of Japanese soldiers, it is only poorly worded at best. Worst of all, they have no waves in their hearts in the face of this problem.
是以，如果問孩子們在得知日本士兵的強奸和謀殺案時會有什麼反應，充其量隻是措辭拙劣。最糟糕的是，面對這個問題他們的心裡毫無波瀾。
Second, simply state that war is terrible, and then disguise yourself as a victim. World War II may be the most terrible. Japanese textbooks and officials always emphasize the cruelty of war, occupy the moral highland in the name of anti war, but downplay the war provoked by the axis powers.
第二，簡單陳述戰争是可怕的，然後将自己僞裝成受害者。第二次世界大戰可能是最可怕的。日本的教科書和官方總是強調戰争的殘酷性，以反戰之名占領道德高地，卻對軸心國挑起戰争輕描淡寫。
They will say, "do you know that the Allies committed many war crimes? Dig it up and you may be shocked: a particularly disgusting statistic is that the estimated number of European women raped by the United States during the war is close to 200000."
他們會說，“你知道盟軍犯下了很多戰争罪嗎？挖掘一下，你可能會感到震驚：一個特别令人厭惡的統計數字是，戰争期間被美國強奸的歐洲女性估計人數接近20萬。”
Some schools do teach World War II, some of which are well-known atrocities, but people have no in-depth reflection on the scale and cruelty of atrocities and the evil of the Japanese army. The Japanese always spend more time on the atomic bomb. Therefore, many Japanese always think that they are the victims of the war, not the aggressor country that launched the war.
這些學校确實教授二戰曆史，其中一些暴行是衆所周知的，但人們對暴行的規模和殘忍性，以及日本軍隊的邪惡性，都沒有一絲深入的反思，日本人總是更多的篇幅放在原子彈上。是以，許多日本人總是自以為是地認為自己是戰争的受害者，而不是發動戰争的侵略國。
If you visit the memorial halls in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there is not a word about the heinous crimes committed by Japan in the whole Asia Pacific region. There was no explanation for why the Americans dropped the bomb. The impression left by the children visiting the memorial was that the Americans dropped the bomb on a peaceful and non threatening country for no reason.
如果你參觀廣島和長崎的紀念館，裡邊沒有一個詞是關于日本在整個亞太地區犯下的滔天罪行。也沒有任何解釋說明為什麼美國人會放下炸彈，參觀紀念館的孩子們所留下的印象是：萬惡的美國人無緣無故地把炸彈投到了一個和平無威脅的國家。
中國網友鄒希同的回答
Historical issues serve practical interests.
曆史問題為現實利益服務。
The so-called Japan does not apologize means that Japan believes that the Japanese people should no longer be responsible for World War II. Therefore, Japan can only express regret and regret for the previous events, but can not apologize, because they believe that, at least, it has nothing to do with them. This is the first step for Japan to seek national normalization. It is also the key to Japan's war potential.
所謂日本不道歉,指的是,日本認為現在的日本人民不應該再為二戰負責了,是以,日本隻能對之前的事表遺憾和惋惜,但是不能道歉,因為他們認為,至少是希望,這件事已經和他們沒有關系了。這是日本謀求國家正常化的第一步。也是打開日本戰争潛力的鑰匙。
China and South Korea insist on apologizing in order to make Japan continue to be responsible for their crimes. If we say, OK, this matter has passed, and you have been forgiven, Japan can get out of its cage immediately. At that time, nothing can prevent Japan from becoming one of the best military forces in East Asia again.
而中國和南韓堅持要求道歉,就是為了讓日本繼續為他們的罪行負責,如果我們說,好的,這件事過去了,你們已經被原諒了,日本借此可以立刻脫出牢籠,彼時就沒有什麼可以阻止日本再次成為東亞數一數二的軍事力量。
But as long as we hold on for one day, Japan will not be normalized for one day, and we can maintain the absolute advantage of living in East Asia. On the side of the bed, how can others sleep soundly. China will compete with the Pacific one day. How can a military power be allowed to get stuck at the gate of the East China Sea.
但是隻要我們一天咬住不放,日本就一天不能正常化,我們就能保持住在東亞的絕對優勢。卧榻之側,豈容他人酣睡。中國總有一天要逐鹿太平洋,怎麼能允許一個軍事強國卡在東海的大門口。
Now let's see why the Japanese don't choose a government that will apologize, because the Japanese are not stupid. If they apologize, they admit that Japan is still responsible for World War II. For them, they will never turn over.
那麼現在再看日本人為什麼不選一個會道歉的政府,因為日本人不傻,如果道歉,就是承認了現在的日本仍舊要對二戰負責,對他們來說那就是永世不得翻身了。
As a Chinese, we should always understand that a castrated Japanese military power is beneficial to China.
作為一個中國人,總要明白,一個被閹割掉軍事力量的日本,對中國有百利而無一害。
The fanaticism of the Japanese people is not only based on extreme nationalism, but also on the fact that the Japanese people won a lot of interests by plundering the Chinese people in the war of resistance against Japan. The social contradictions in Japan are passed on by the war situation - this is the necessity for Japan to launch the war of aggression against China and the interest basis for the Japanese people to support the war of aggression against China, and it is the innocent Chinese people who bear the cost.
日本群眾的狂熱,不僅僅是基于極端的民族主義,更基于日本群眾在抗日戰争中,通過掠奪中國人民赢得了大量利益。日本國内的社會沖突,以戰争形勢轉嫁一-這是日本發動侵華戰争的必要性,是日本人民支援侵華戰争的利益基礎,而承受這代價的,卻是廣大無辜的中國人民。