Tomcat運作方式
1.standalone configure:tomcat作為獨立的web伺服器和jsp伺服器
request ----> web server(tomcat) ----> servlet container
2.程序間配置,在一台主機上,web由Apache或nginx提供,jsp服務有servlet提供
LAMT&LNMT
3.獨立網絡配置,把提供web服務的主機獨立出來,一台主機提供web服務,一台主機提供jsp服務
LAMT&LNMT
LAMT&LNMT
web/Apache和後端的servlet通信有兩種方式:
1.mod_jk :Apache/1.3, Apache/2.0;mod_jk常用的版本是jk,jk2.0反倒不建議使用,Apache 2.0以前不支援使用mod_proxy
2.mod_proxy :Apache/2.2+ , Apache 2.2以後要使用mod_jk需要編譯安裝
注:通信協定有 http(https)和ajp
mod_jk V.S. mod_proxy:
負載均衡 : mod_proxy稍弱一點
管理接口 : 都支援基于web頁面的管理接口
相容性:
配置 : mod_proxy較簡單
協定：mod_jk (ajp)通常不使用http, mod_proxy(http/https/ajp)
web/nginx和後端的servlet通信隻能使用http協定
LAMT:
apache(mod_jk, ajp) + tomcat(ajp )
apache(mod_proxy, (http, https, ajp)) + tomcat(http, https, ajp)
LNMT:
nginx + tomcat(http, https)
LNMT實作
安裝nginx:
1: rpm -ivh nginx-1.4.7-1.e16.ngx.x86_64.rpm
2: vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
3: location / {
4: # root html;
5: # index index.html index.htm;
6: proxy_pass http://192.168.21.1; #隻需加入這一句即可實作最簡單的代理功能,不過我們這裡不這樣做
7: }
配置nginx實作反向代理tomcat和動靜分離
1: upstream tcser { #添加後端tomcat主機,這是定義在http段的
2: server 192.168.21.1:8080;
3: server 192.168.21.2:8080;
4: }
5: location / { 這是server段的
6: root html;
7: index index.jsp index.html index.htm; 增加一個index.jsp的預設首頁
8: }
9: location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ { #所有jsp和do結尾的頁面都代理至後端伺服器器
10: proxy_pass http://tcser;
11: }
Apache反代-->mod_proxy,将所有網頁内同都代理至後端,http協定
1: vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
2: ProxyVia on
3: ProxyRequests off
4: ProxyPreserveHost on
5:
6: ProxyPass / http://192.168.21.1/
7: ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.21.1/
8:
9: <Location />
10: Order Allow,Deny
11: Allow from all
12: </Location>
Apache反代-->mod_proxy,将所有網頁内同都代理至後端,ajp協定
1: ProxyVia on
2: ProxyRequests off
3: ProxyPreserveHost on
4:
5: ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.21.1:8009/ #ajp監聽的端口是8009
6: ProxyPassReverse ajp/ http://192.168.21.1:8009/
7:
8: <Location />
9: Order Allow,Deny
10: Allow from all
11: </Location>
Apache反代實作負載均衡
前端Apache伺服器:外網:172.16.21.1,内網:192.168.21.3
1: vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
2: ProxyVia on
3: ProxyRequests off
4: ProxyPreserveHost on
5: <Proxy balancer://lb>
6: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.2 loadfactor=1
7: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.1 loadfactor=1
8: </Proxy>
9: ProxyPass / balancer://lb/
10: ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
11: <Location />
12: Order Allow,Deny
13: Allow from all
14: </Location>
1: vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
2: ProxyVia on
3: ProxyRequests off
4: ProxyPreserveHost on
5: <Proxy balancer://lb>
6: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.2 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
7: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.1 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
8: </Proxy>
9: ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ stickysession=JSESSIONID
10: ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
11: <Location />
12: Order Allow,Deny
13: Allow from all
14: </Location>
15: --------後端伺服器需添加----
16: <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA"> 注意與上面的IP位址對應即可
17: <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
1: vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
2: ProxyVia on
3: ProxyRequests off
4: ProxyPreserveHost on
5: <Proxy balancer://lb>
6: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.2 loadfactor=1
7: BalancerMember http://192.168.21.1 loadfactor=1
8: </Proxy>
9: <Location /lbmanager> 定義管理web功能
10: SetHandler balancer-manager
11: </Location>
12: Proxypass /lbmanager ! #這裡表示/lbmanager不向後轉發
13: ProxyPass / balancer://lb/
14: ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
15: <Location />
16: Order Allow,Deny
17: Allow from all
18: </Location>