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Nginx+uWSGI或fastcgi部署Django項目

nginx+uWSGI

ubuntu下先安裝下C編譯器和Python環境:

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev
      

使用pip安裝uWSGI:

pip install uwsgi
      

nginx配置:

可以單獨為站點設定一個配置檔案:

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite
      

或者直接在nginx.conf中設定:

sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      

設定:

server {
    listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
    #listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
 
    server_name 站點域名;
    location / {
            uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
            include uwsgi_params;
    }
    #設定該網站應用中所需要的靜态檔案的根目錄,需要将admin和用到的第三方庫像restframework的靜态檔案都放到此目錄中
     location ~/static/ {
            root   /home/user/mysite/;  #項目位址
           # root  html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
            break;
        }
        #設定媒體檔案的根目錄
       location ~/media/ {
            root   /home/user/mysite/;
           # root  html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
            break;
        }
}
      

自己電腦上搭建localhost伺服器時,注意别被/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default中的配置覆寫掉了,最好将其注釋掉。

然後設定uWSGI,建立檔案myfile.ini:

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8080   #與nginx配置中的uwsgi_pass相同
chdir = /home/user/mysite/    #項目位址
wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py
processes = 4
threads = 2
pidfile=/tmp/project-master.pid
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
virtualenv = <path to env> #virtualenv      

其中wsgi-file是django(1.4版本以上)項目自動建立的檔案,裡面内容為:

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "weixian.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()
      

如果django版本過低無此檔案的話,可以自己建立,或者在myfile.ini中設定env,module,pythonpath:

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8080
chdir = /home/user/mysite/
pythonpath = ..
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler()
processes = 4
threads = 2
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
virtualenv = <path to env>
      

按配置重新開機nginx:

/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
      

或者:

killall -9 nginx
nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      

啟動uWSGI:

uwsgi myfile.ini      

重新開機uWSGI:

# using kill to send the signal
kill -HUP `cat /tmp/project-master.pid`
# or the convenience option --reload
uwsgi --reload /tmp/project-master.pid
# or if uwsgi was started with touch-reload=/tmp/somefile
touch /tmp/somefile      

ini檔案也可以用xml檔案來設定。

添加xml支援:

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
      

配置myfile.xml

<uwsgi>
    <socket>127.0.0.1:8080</socket>
    <chdir>/home/user/mysite/</chdir>
    <module>mysite/wsgi</module>
</uwsgi>
      

啟動:

uwsgi -x myfile.xml      

nginx+fastcgi

fastcgi需要安裝flup:

wget http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd flup-1.0.2
python setup.py install
      
sudo apt-get install  python-flup
      
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #設定該網站應用中所需要的靜态檔案的根目錄
        location ~/static/ {
            root   /home/user/mysite/;
           # root  html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
            break;
        }
        #設定媒體的根目錄
        location ~/media/ {
            root   /home/user/mysite/;
           # root  html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
            break;
        }
        #host and port to fastcgi server 
        location / {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
        fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
        fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
        fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
        fastcgi_param pass_header Authorization;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors off; 
        }
        #設定浏覽器緩存這些圖檔格式檔案浏覽器緩存時間是30天,css/js緩存時間1小時
        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
        {
            expires 30d;
        }

        location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
        {
            expires 1h;
        }
}
      

重新開機nginx,然後啟動fcgi:

python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 method=prefork --settings=mysite.settings  #采用靜态程序池的話性能會比動态線程生成高2倍左右
      

ok。

要更新django項目的話,

ps -ef |grep fcgi 
      

找出主程序号kill掉,再重新開機fcgi即可。

也可以寫個重新開機腳本。使用pidfile選項将fcgi的pid存儲到檔案中,重新開機時讀取kill掉。

#!/bin/bash

PROJDIR="/home/user/myproject"
PIDFILE="$PROJDIR/mysite.pid"

cd $PROJDIR
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
    kill `cat -- $PIDFILE`
    rm -f -- $PIDFILE
fi

exec python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 method=prefork pidfile=$PIDFILE --settings=mysite.settings