| 導讀 | Zypper是OpenSUSE和企業版SUSE中軟體包管理器ZYpp的指令行接口。 主要用于：1.管理軟體包：zypper可用來安裝、删除、更新和查詢本地或遠端的軟體包。2.管理倉庫：zypper可用指令行添加、删除、啟用或禁用庫。 |
I. 用zypper管理軟體包
1. 安裝包
文法： # zypper install 示例：安裝Mozilla firefox
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper install MozillaFirefox
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following NEW packages are going to be installed:
MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED
The following packages are not supported by their vendor:
MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED
2 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 964.0 KiB. After the operation, additional 3.4 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/?] (y): y
Retrieving package MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1.x86_64 (1/2), 949.0 KiB (3.4 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1.x86_64.rpm [done]
Installing: MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1 [done]
Retrieving package MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5.x86_64 (2/2), 15.0 KiB (34.0 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5.x86_64.rpm [done]
Installing: MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5 [done]
2. 安裝源碼包
文法：# zypper source-install 示例：從庫中安裝 apache
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper source-install apache2-mod_nss
Reading installed packages...
Loading repository data...
Resolving package dependencies...
Retrieving package mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1.x86_64 (2/3), 473.0 KiB (2.6 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1.x86_64.rpm [done]
Installing: mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1 [done]
Retrieving: apache2-mod_nss-1.0.8-17.5.src.rpm [done]
3. 更新包
更新某一軟體包： # zypper update 更新所有軟體包： # zypper update
檢視所有可用的更新清單：# zypper list-updates
4. 删除包
文法：# zypper remove 示例：移除Mozilla Firefox
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper remove MozillaFirefox
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following packages are going to be REMOVED:
MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED
2 packages to remove.
After the operation, 3.4 MiB will be freed.
Continue? [y/n/?] (y): y
Removing MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5 [done]
Removing MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1 [done]
5. 查找包
文法：# zypper search 示例：查找所有usb開頭的軟體包
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper search usb*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
S | Name | Summary | Type
--+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------
| usb_modeswitch | A mode switching tool for controlling multiple-device USB gear | package
| usb_modeswitch-data | A mode switching tool for controlling multiple-device USB gear | package
| usbip-devel | Headers and static libraries | package
i | usbutils | Tools and libraries for USB devices | package
6. 檢視軟體包詳情
文法： zypper info 示例：檢視usbutils的資訊
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper info usbutils
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Information for package usbutils:
Repository: LINUXPROBE
Name: usbutils
Version: 0.73-38.19
Arch: x86_64
Vendor: SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Nuernberg, Germany
Support Level: unknown
Installed: Yes
Status: up-to-date
Installed Size: 461.0 KiB
Summary: Tools and libraries for USB devices
Description:
This package contains a utility for inspecting devices connected to USB
ports.
It requires kernel version 2.3.99-pre7 or newer, or the USB backport
which was introduced in 2.2.18 (supporting the /proc/bus/usb
interface).
7. 打更新檔
檢視所有可打更新檔: zypper patches
安裝指定更新檔：zypper patch
8. 鎖住包
軟體包被鎖之後将不能被移除或更新，下面示範一下如何加鎖
1）加al選項鎖住封包件“usbutils”, al 是 add lock的縮寫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper al usbutils
Specified lock has been successfully added.
2) 加ll選項檢視所有已被鎖住的軟體包, ll 是 List Locks的縮寫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper ll
# | Name | Type | Repository
--+-----------------+---------+-----------
1 | usbutils | package | (any)
9. 解鎖包
加rl選項解鎖usbutils, rl 是 remove lock的縮寫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper rl usbutils
1 lock has been successfully removed.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper ll
There are no package locks defined.
II. 用zypper管理倉庫
10. 用zypper添加庫
文法：# zypper addrepo
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo --check --refresh --name "Mozilla-repo" http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/ "Mozillarepo"
Adding repository 'Mozilla-repo' [done]
Repository 'Mozilla-repo' successfully added
Enabled: Yes
Autorefresh: Yes
URI: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/
11. 建立本地庫
我們可以使用zypper從本地目錄中建立一個包含所有rpm檔案的本地庫
文法： # zypper addrepo
示例：建立一個名為Linuxprobe_Repo的本地目錄，包含所有rpm檔案
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo /var/stormgt/dsminst Linuxprobe_Repo
Adding repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' [done]
Repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' successfully added
Enabled: Yes
Autorefresh: No
URI: dir:///var/stormgt/dsminst
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper search --repo Linuxprobe_Repo
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
S | Name | Summary | Type
--+-------------+-----------------------------------------+--------
i | TIVsm-API | the API | package
i | TIVsm-API64 | the API | package
i | TIVsm-BA | the Backup Archive Client | package
i | gskcrypt32 | IBM GSKit Cryptography Runtime | package
i | gskcrypt64 | IBM GSKit Cryptography Runtime | package
i | gskssl32 | IBM GSKit SSL Runtime With Acme Toolkit | package
i | gskssl64 | IBM GSKit SSL Runtime With Acme Toolkit | package
注：你也可以通過此指令添加NFS或FTP路徑
12. 檢視庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr
# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
--+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------+--------
1 | Mozillarepo | Mozilla-repo | Yes | Yes
2 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | Yes | Yes
檢視repo完整的URI：
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr --uri
# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI
--+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------
1 | Mozillarepo | Mozilla-repo | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/
2 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | Yes | Yes | http://19.106.65.64/FUSELinux/600RC0
13. 在庫中搜尋包
列出指定庫Mozillarepo的所有軟體包
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper search --repo Mozillarepo
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
S | Name | Summary | Type
--+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
i | MozillaFirefox | Mozilla Firefox Web Browser | package
i | MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED | SLED branding of MozillaFirefox | package
| MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE | openSUSE branding of MozillaFirefox | package
| MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE | openSUSE branding of MozillaFirefox | srcpackage
14. 庫重命名
重命名庫可以用 renamerepo 選項
示例：将庫"Linuxprobe_Repo"的名字改成"MyLinuxRepo"
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper renamerepo Linuxprobe_Repo MyLinuxRepo
Repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' renamed to 'MyLinuxRepo'.
15. 删除庫
用removerepo選項來移除庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper removerepo MyLinuxRepo
Removing repository 'MyLinuxRepo' [done]
Repository 'MyLinuxRepo has been removed.
16. 備份庫
用export選項可以備份一系列庫檔案
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr --export /var/tmp/backup.repo
Repositories have been successfully exported to /var/tmp/backup.repo.
17. 從備份檔案中添加庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo /var/tmp/backup.rep
18. 禁用/使用庫
示例： 用 modifyrepo 選項的 -d 參數來禁用Mozilla庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo -d Mozillarepo
Repository 'Mozillarepo' has been successfully disabled.
示例： 用 modifyrepo選項 -e 參數來允許使用Mozilla庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo -e Mozillarepo
Repository 'Mozillarepo' has been successfully enabled.
19. 重新整理庫
示例： 重新整理Mozilla庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper refresh Mozillarepo
Repository 'Mozilla-repo' is up to date.
Specified repositories have been refreshed.
示例： 自動重新整理指定庫
[root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo --refresh Linuxprobe_Repo
Autorefresh has been enabled for repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo'. 免費提供最新Linux技術教程書籍，為開源技術愛好者努力做得更多更好：https://www.linuxprobe.com
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