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分析python程式運作時間的幾種方法

最早見過手寫的,類似于下面這種:

1 import datetime
  2 
  3 def time_1():
  4     begin = datetime.datetime.now()
  5     sum = 0
  6     for i in xrange(10000000):
  7         sum = sum + i
  8     end = datetime.datetime.now()
  9     return end-begin
 10 
 11 print time_1()
      

輸出如下:

➜  Python python time_1.py
0:00:00.280797
      

另外一種方法是使用timeit子產品,使用方法如下:

In [5]: import timeit

In [6]: timeit.timeit("sum(range(100))")
Out[6]: 1.2272648811340332
      

還可以在指令行上使用這種timeit子產品,如下:

➜  Python python -m timeit -s"import time_1 as t" "t.time_1()"
0:00:00.282044

10 loops, best of 3: 279 msec per loop
      

注意:timeit子產品會多次運作程式以獲得更精确的時間,是以需要避免重複執行帶來的影響。比方說x.sort()這種操作,因為第一次執行之後,後邊已經是排好的了,準确性就收到了影響。

還有一種方法是使用cProfile子產品,代碼如下,名字為time_1.py:

1 import datetime
  2 
  3 def time_1():
  4     begin = datetime.datetime.now()
  5     sum = 0
  6     for i in xrange(10000000):
  7         sum = sum + i
  8     end = datetime.datetime.now()
  9     return end-begin
 10 
 11 if __name__ == '__main__':
 12     print time_1()
 13 
 14 import cProfile
 15 cProfile.run('time_1()')
      

運作程式結果如下:  

➜  Python python time_1.py
0:00:00.282828
         2 function calls in 0.000 seconds

   Ordered by: standard name

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 <string>:1(<module>)
        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "time_1.py", line 15, in <module>
    cProfile.run('main()')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 29, in run
    prof = prof.run(statement)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 135, in run
    return self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 140, in runctx
    exec cmd in globals, locals
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'main' is not defined
➜  Python vi time_1.py 
➜  Python python time_1.py
0:00:00.284642
         5 function calls in 0.281 seconds

   Ordered by: standard name

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
        1    0.000    0.000    0.281    0.281 <string>:1(<module>)
        1    0.281    0.281    0.281    0.281 time_1.py:3(time_1)
        2    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {built-in method now}
        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
      

一開始代碼裡最後一行寫的是cProfile.run('main()'),提示沒有main(),将main()改成函數名字就可以了

這裡是最簡單的應用,具體大家可以去看看文檔,或者直接help(xxx)  

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 Python程式設計從入門到實踐 (可點選直達京東)

分析python程式運作時間的幾種方法