1 簡介
公路在使用過程中會受到各種車輛的反複磨損以及各種其他因素影響，最終路面就會出現嚴重影響公路正常運作的破損。現行的主要路面破損檢測方式是人工檢測，這種檢測方式不僅耗費大量的人力物力，而且速度極慢，嚴重影響了道路的檢測維護程序。這些路面破損中主要以裂縫的形式表現，是以開發一套路面裂縫自動檢測圖像識别系統具有重要的理論意義和使用價值。 本文在數字圖像處理技術的基礎上對路面裂縫圖像檢測識别系統進行了研究。主要工作和結論如下: 1.本文首先分析了公路路面裂縫檢測系統的結構、各種子產品的選擇以及工作原理，從硬體到軟體設計了路面裂縫檢測系統。硬體裝置主要由檢測裝置平台、圖像采集系統、圖像處理系統、供電系統、照明系統組成。軟體部分則是基于Matlab GUI的路面裂縫圖像處理系統。并且經過多次實際路面裂縫檢測試驗，成功的驗證了檢測系統的設計思想和硬體選擇的正确性。 2.依據公路路面裂縫圖像資料的特點對裂縫進行了圖像的增強平滑處理，然後此基礎之使用6種邊緣檢測算子對路面裂縫特征進行了裂縫提取，進而在此基礎上提出了8方向Sobel檢測算子，并驗證了8方向Sobel檢測算法在對去除圖像噪聲改善路面裂縫圖像品質方面有明顯的效果。 3.應用了腐蝕、膨脹、細化等數學形态學處理方法對路面裂縫圖像進行了處理，然後利用門檻值判别法分辨出了線性裂縫和網狀裂縫，在此基礎上又利用投影法分辨出了橫向裂縫和縱向裂縫，最後根據分類後的情況計算了網狀裂縫的外接面積以及橫向裂縫與縱向裂縫的長度，經驗證對裂縫類型的判斷準确率率可達到80%左右。
2 部分代碼
function varargout = Gui_Main(varargin) % GUI_MAIN M-file for Gui_Main.fig % GUI_MAIN, by itself, creates a new GUI_MAIN or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = GUI_MAIN returns the handle to a new GUI_MAIN or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % GUI_MAIN('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in GUI_MAIN.M with the given input arguments. % % GUI_MAIN('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_MAIN or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before Gui_Main_OpeningFcn gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to Gui_Main_OpeningFcn via varargin. % % *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one % instance to run (singleton)". % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help Gui_Main % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 29-Mar-2011 22:28:58 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @Gui_Main_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @Gui_Main_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ... 'gui_Callback', []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end if nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % --- Executes just before Gui_Main is made visible. function Gui_Main_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to Gui_Main (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for Gui_Main handles.output = hObject; handles.Result = [];%定義結果變量 handles.File = [];%定義檔案路徑變量 % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles);%傳遞參數 clc; warning off all;%清除指令行，警告 InitAxes(handles);%初始化坐标軸 % UIWAIT makes Gui_Main wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1); % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = Gui_Main_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT); % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structure varargout{1} = handles.output; % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonOpenFile. function pushbuttonOpenFile_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonOpenFile (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) [filename, pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.tif;*.png;*.gif;*.bmp','All Image Files';... '*.*','All Files' },'載入圖像',... fullfile(pwd, 'images'));%選擇打開檔案 if isequal(filename, 0) || isequal(pathname, 0) return;%如果檔案沒選中，重新選擇 end I = imread(fullfile(pathname, filename));%讀取圖像 Result = Process_Main(I);%進行圖像處理 handles.File = fullfile(pathname, filename);%儲存路徑 handles.Result = Result;%儲存結果 guidata(hObject, handles);%傳遞資料 InitAxes(handles)%初始化坐标軸 axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonHisteq. function pushbuttonHisteq_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonHisteq (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.hist); title('直方圖均衡化圖像');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonMedfilt. function pushbuttonMedfilt_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonMedfilt (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Medfilt); title('中值濾波圖像');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBw. function pushbuttonBw_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonBw (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值圖像');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonEnance. function pushbuttonEnance_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonEnance (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Enance); title('增強圖像');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBwfilter. function pushbuttonBwfilter_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonBwfilter (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值圖像濾波');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackRec. function pushbuttonCrackRec_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackRec (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值圖像濾波');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackRec); title('裂縫識别');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackJudge. function pushbuttonCrackJudge_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackJudge (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值圖像濾波');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackRec); title('裂縫識别');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂縫判斷');%圖像顯示 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackLoc. function pushbuttonCrackLoc_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackLoc (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂縫圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title(handles.Result.str);%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂縫标記圖像');%圖像顯示 hold on; rectangle('Position', handles.Result.rect, 'EdgeColor', 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);%标記矩形框 hold off; end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonProject. function pushbuttonProject_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonProject (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂縫圖像');%圖像顯示 axes(handles.axes3); plot(1:size(handles.Result.Image, 1), handles.Result.Projectr);%畫出行投影 title('行投影'); axes(handles.axes4); plot(1:size(handles.Result.Image, 2), handles.Result.Projectc);%畫出列投影 title('列投影'); end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonClose. function pushbuttonClose_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonClose (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) choice = questdlg('确定退出?', ... '退出', ... '是','否','否'); switch choice case '是' close; otherwise return; end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonSaveResult. function pushbuttonSaveResult_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonSaveResult (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) try if ~isempty(handles.File) raw = []; xlsfile = fullfile(pwd, 'Result/result.xls'); if exist(xlsfile, 'file') [num, txt, raw] = xlsread(xlsfile); end F = []; F{1, 1} = '檔案名'; F{1, 2} = '門檻值資訊'; F{1, 3} = '面積資訊'; F{1, 4} = '長度資訊'; F{1, 5} = '最大寬度資訊'; F{1, 6} = '最小寬度資訊'; F{1, 7} = '形狀資訊'; F{2, 1} = handles.File; F{2, 2} = handles.Result.BwTh; F{2, 3} = handles.Result.BwArea; F{2, 4} = handles.Result.BwLength; F{2, 5} = handles.Result.BwWidthMax; F{2, 6} = max(handles.Result.BwWidthMin,0.01); F{2, 7} = handles.Result.str; F = [raw; F]; xlswrite(xlsfile, F); msgbox('儲存結果成功！', '資訊提示框'); end catch msgbox('儲存結果失敗，請檢查程式！', '資訊提示框'); end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBridge. function pushbuttonBridge_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonBridge (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.Result) axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原圖像'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值圖像濾波'); axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂縫判斷'); axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackBridge); title('裂縫拼接'); end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonSaveImage. function pushbuttonSaveImage_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonSaveImage (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) [filename, pathname] = uiputfile({'*.jpg;*.tif;*.png;*.gif','All Image Files';... '*.*','All Files' },'Save Image',... fullfile(pwd, 'Result/result.png'));%選擇圖像儲存路徑 if ~isequal(filename, 0) imwrite(handles.Result.BwEnd, fullfile(pathname, filename));%寫出圖像 msgbox('儲存圖像成功！', '資訊提示框');%提示框 end % --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonDiplay. function pushbuttonDiplay_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbuttonDiplay (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) if ~isempty(handles.File)%圖像資訊是否為空 F = []; F{1} = sprintf('檔案名:%s', handles.File); F{2} = sprintf('門檻值資訊%.2f', handles.Result.BwTh); F{3} = sprintf('面積資訊%.2f', handles.Result.BwArea); F{4} = sprintf('長度資訊%.2f', handles.Result.BwLength); F{5} = sprintf('最大寬度資訊%.2f', handles.Result.BwWidthMax); F{6} = sprintf('最小寬度資訊%.2f', max(handles.Result.BwWidthMin,0.01)); F{7} = sprintf('形狀資訊%s', handles.Result.str); listdlg('PromptString', '參數顯示:',... 'Name', '參數資訊', ... 'ListSize', [300, 150], ... 'SelectionMode','single',... 'ListString', F); end ![樹的基本概念(定義、基本術語、性質)[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)