scrapy爬蟲執行個體

一、爬取電影資訊

http://www.imdb.cn/nowplaying/{num}    #頁面規則

http://www.imdb.cn/title/tt{num}    #某部電影資訊

擷取電影url和title

建立項目

scrapy startproject imdb

修改items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class ImdbItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    #url = scrapy.Field()    #url
    #title = scrapy.Field()  #影片名

    video_title = Field()
    video_rating = Field()
    video_name = Field()
    video_alias = Field()
    video_director = Field()
    video_actor = Field()
    video_length = Field()
    video_language = Field()
    video_year = Field()
    video_type = Field()
    video_color = Field()
    video_area = Field()
    video_voice = Field()
    video_summary = Field()
    video_url = Field()      

在spiders目錄下建立爬蟲檔案moive.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Request, Rule
from imdb.items import ImdbItem
from scrapy.linkextractor import LinkExtractor

class ImdbSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'imdb'
    allowed_domains = ['www.imdb.cn']
    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/title/tt\d+$"), callback="parse_imdb", follow=True),
    )

    def start_requests(self):
        for i in range(1, 20):
            url = "http://www.imdb.cn/nowplaying/" + str(i)
            yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse_imdb(self, response):
        item = ImdbItem()
        try:
            item['video_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="hdd"]/h3/text()').extract())
            item['video_rating'] = "".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="hdd"]/span/i/text()').extract())
            content = response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li').extract()
            for i in range(0, len(content)):
                if "片名" in content[i]:
                    if i == 0:
                        item['video_name'] = "".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[1]/a/text()').extract())
                if "别名" in content[i]:
                    if i == 1:
                        item['video_alias'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[2]/a/text()').extract())
                if "導演" in content[i]:
                    if i == 1:
                        item['video_director'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[2]/a/text()').extract())
                    elif i == 2:
                        item['video_director'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[3]/a/text()').extract())
                if "主演" in content[i]:
                    if i == 2:
                        item['video_actor'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[3]/a/text()').extract())
                    if i == 3:
                        item['video_actor'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[4]/a/text()').extract())
                if "上映時間" in content[i]:
                    if i == 4:
                        item['video_year'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[5]/a[1]/text()').extract())
                        a = response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[5]/a').extract()
                        length = len(a) - 1
                        try:
                            item['video_color'] = "".join(
                                response.xpath(
                                    '//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[5]/a/text()').extract()[length])
                        except Exception as e:
                            item['video_color'] = ""
                        try:
                            type = "|".join(
                                response.xpath(
                                    '//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[5]/a/text()').extract()[1:length])
                            maohao = type.split("：")
                            if len(maohao) > 0:
                                item['video_type'] = maohao[0]
                            else:
                                item['video_type'] = ""
                        except Exception as e:
                            item['video_type'] = ""
                    if i == 5:
                        item['video_year'] = "".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a[1]/text()').extract())
                        a = response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a').extract()
                        length = len(a) - 1
                        try:
                            item['video_color'] = "".join(
                                response.xpath(
                                    '//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a/text()').extract()[length])
                        except Exception as e:
                            item['video_color'] = ""
                        try:
                            type = "|".join(
                                response.xpath(
                                    '//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a/text()').extract()[1:length])
                            maohao = type.split("：")
                            if len(maohao) > 0:
                                item['video_type'] = maohao[0]
                            else:
                                item['video_type'] = ""
                        except Exception as e:
                            item['video_type'] = ""

                if "國家" in content[i]:
                    if i == 5:
                        item['video_area'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a[1]/text()').extract())
                        item['video_voice'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[6]/a[2]/text()').extract())
                    if i == 6:
                        item['video_area'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[7]/a[1]/text()').extract())
                        item['video_voice'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[7]/a[2]/text()').extract())
            item['video_length'] = "".join(
                response.xpath(
                    '//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[@class="nolink"]/text()').extract()).replace(
                "&nbsp", "")
            item['video_language'] = "".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@class="fk-3"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/ul/li[@class="nolink"]/a/text()').extract())
            item['video_summary'] = "".join(
                response.xpath(
                    '//*[@class="fk-4 clear"]/div[@class="bdd clear"]/i/text()').extract()).lstrip().rstrip().replace(
                "<br>", "")
            item['video_url'] = response.url
            yield item
        except Exception as error:
            log(error)      

在spiders目錄下建立run.py啟動檔案

vim run.py

# coding:utf-8

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl imdb".split())

二、有限深度爬取

scrapy startproject douban

scrapy中，我們在settings.py設定深度使用DEPTH_LIMIT，例如：DEPTH_LIMIT = 5，該深度是相對于初始請求url的深度

修改settings.py

DEPTH_LIMIT = 4

#豆瓣有反爬蟲機制，是以設定延時DOWNLOAD_DELAY

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.95 Safari/537.36'    #設定代理

items.py

from scrapy import Item, Field

# 音樂
class MusicItem(Item):
    music_name = Field()
    music_alias = Field()
    music_singer = Field()
    music_time = Field()
    music_rating = Field()
    music_votes = Field()
    music_tags = Field()
    music_url = Field()

class MusicReviewItem(Item):
    review_title = Field()
    review_content = Field()
    review_author = Field()
    review_music = Field()
    review_time = Field()
    review_url = Field()      

爬蟲檔案music.py

# --*-- coding: utf-8 --*--

from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from douban.items import MusicItem, MusicReviewItem
from scrapy import log

class ReviewSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'review'
    allowed_domains = ['music.douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://music.douban.com/subject/1406522/']
    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews$")),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time$")),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time\&start=\d+$")),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
    )

    def parse_review(self,response):
        try:
            item = MusicReviewItem()
            item['review_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract())
            content = "".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/div[@property="v:description"]/text()').extract()
            )
            item['review_content'] = content.lstrip().rstrip().replace('\n'," ")
            item['review_author'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:reviewer"]/text()').extract())
            item['review_music'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/a[2]/text()').extract())
            item['review_time'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/p/text()').extract())
            item['review_url'] = response.url
            yield item
        except Exception as error:
            log(error)      

啟動指令檔案run.py

# --*-- coding: utf-8 --*--
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl review -o review.json".split())      

-o 參數導出結果到review.json檔案

多個爬蟲組合

我們現在有這麼個需求，既要爬取音樂詳情又要爬取樂評，既要爬取電影詳情又要爬取影評，這個要怎麼搞，難道是每一個需求就要建立一個項目麼，如果按這種方式，我們就要建立四個項目，分别來爬取音樂、樂評、電影、影評，顯然這麼做的話，代碼不僅有很多重合的部分，而且還不容易維護爬蟲

scrapy startproject multi

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.95 Safari/537.36'
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

修改items.py
from scrapy import Item, Field

# 音樂
class MusicItem(Item):
    music_name = Field()
    music_alias = Field()
    music_singer = Field()
    music_time = Field()
    music_rating = Field()
    music_votes = Field()
    music_tags = Field()
    music_url = Field()

# 樂評
class MusicReviewItem(Item):
    review_title = Field()
    review_content = Field()
    review_author = Field()
    review_music = Field()
    review_time = Field()
    review_url = Field()

# 電影
class VideoItem(Item):
    video_name = Field()
    video_alias = Field()
    video_actor = Field()
    video_year = Field()
    video_time = Field()
    video_rating = Field()
    video_votes = Field()
    video_tags = Field()
    video_url = Field()
    video_director = Field()
    video_type = Field()
    video_bigtype = Field()
    video_area = Field()
    video_language = Field()
    video_length = Field()
    video_writer = Field()
    video_desc = Field()
    video_episodes = Field()


# 影評
class VideoReviewItem(Item):
    review_title = Field()
    review_content = Field()
    review_author = Field()
    review_video = Field()
    review_time = Field()
    review_url = Field()
    
    
spiders目錄下建立兩個爬蟲檔案

videospider.py
# --*-- coding: utf-8 --*--

from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from multi.items import VideoItem, VideoReviewItem
from scrapy import log

import re

AREA = re.compile(r"制片國家/地區:</span> (.+?)<br>")
ALIAS = re.compile(r"又名:</span> (.+?)<br>")
LANGUAGE = re.compile(r"語言:</span> (.+?)<br>")
EPISODES = re.compile(r"集數:</span> (.+?)<br>")
LENGTH = re.compile(r"單集片長:</span> (.+?)<br>")

class VideoSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'video'
    allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
    start_urls = [
        'https://movie.douban.com/tag/',
        'https://movie.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
    ]
    rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?start=\d+$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_video", follow=True),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
             )

    def parse_video(self, response):
        item = VideoItem()
        try:
            item["video_url"] = response.url
            item["video_name"] = ''.join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[@property="v:itemreviewed"]/text()').extract()
            )
            try:
                item["video_year"] = ''.join(
                    response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[@class="year"]/text()').extract()).replace(
                    "(", "").replace(")", ""
                )
            except Exception as e:
                print('Exception:', e)
                item['video_year'] = ''

            introduction = response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/span[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()
            if introduction:
                item["video_desc"] = ''.join(introduction).strip().replace("\r\n", " ")
            else:
                item["video_desc"] = ''.join(
                    response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/span/text()').extract()).strip().replace("\r\n", " ")

            item["video_director"] = "|".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span/span/a[@rel="v:directedBy"]/text()').extract())
            item["video_writer"] = "|".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()').extract())

            item["video_actor"] = "|".join(response.xpath("//a[@rel='v:starring']/text()").extract())

            item["video_type"] = "|".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:genre"]/text()').extract())

            S = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
            M = AREA.search(S)
            if M is not None:
                item["video_area"] = "|".join([area.strip() for area in M.group(1).split("/")])
            else:
                item['video_area'] = ''

            A = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
            AL = ALIAS.search(A)
            if AL is not None:
                item["video_alias"] = "|".join([alias.strip() for alias in AL.group(1).split("/")])
            else:
                item["video_alias"] = ""

            video_info = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
            language = LANGUAGE.search(video_info)
            episodes = EPISODES.search(video_info)
            length = LENGTH.search(video_info)

            if language is not None:
                item["video_language"] = "|".join([language.strip() for language in language.group(1).split("/")])
            else:
                item['video_language'] = ''
            if length is not None:
                item["video_length"] = "|".join([runtime.strip() for runtime in length.group(1).split("/")])
            else:
                item["video_length"] = "".join(
                    response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:runtime"]/text()').extract())

            item['video_time'] = "/".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:initialReleaseDate"]/text()').extract())
            if episodes is not None:
                item['video_bigtype'] = "電視劇"
                item["video_episodes"] = "|".join([episodes.strip() for episodes in episodes.group(1).split("/")])
            else:
                item['video_bigtype'] = "電影"
                item['video_episodes'] = ''
            item['video_tags'] = "|".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@class="tags"]/div[@class="tags-body"]/a/text()').extract())

            try:
                item['video_rating'] = "".join(response.xpath(
                    '//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/strong/text()').extract())
                item['video_votes'] = "".join(response.xpath(
                    '//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/div/div[@class="rating_sum"]/a/span/text()').extract())
            except Exception as error:
                item['video_rating'] = '0'
                item['video_votes'] = '0'
                log(error)

            yield item

        except Exception as error:
            log(error)


    def parse_review(self, response):
        try:
            item = VideoReviewItem()
            item['review_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract())
            content = "".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/div[@property="v:description"]/text()').extract())
            item['review_content'] = content.lstrip().rstrip().replace("\n", " ")
            item['review_author'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property = "v:reviewer"]/text()').extract())
            item['review_video'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/a[2]/text()').extract())
            item['review_time'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/p/text()').extract())
            item['review_url'] = response.url
            yield item
        except Exception as error:
            log(error)
            
 建立musicspider.py
 
 # --*-- coding: utf-8 --*--
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from multi.items import MusicItem, MusicReviewItem
from scrapy import log
import re

class MusicSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = "music"
    allowed_domains = ['music.douban.com']
    start_urls = [
        'https://music.douban.com/tag/',
        'https://music.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
    ]

    rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time\&start=\d+$")),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_music", follow=True),
             Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
             )

    def parse_music(self,response):
        item = MusicItem()
        try:
            item['music_name'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="wrapper"]/h1/span/text()').extract()[0]
            content = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]').extract())
            info = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span').extract()
            item['music_alias'] = ""
            item['music_singer'] = ""
            item['music_time'] = ""
            for i in range(0, len(info)):
                if "又名" in info[i]:
                    if i == 0:
                        item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[1].replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
                    elif i == 1:
                        item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[2].replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
                    elif i == 2:
                        item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[3].replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
                    else:
                        item['music_alias'] = ""

                if "表演者" in info[i]:
                    if i == 0:
                        item['music_singer'] = "|".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/span/a/text()').extract())
                    elif i == 1:
                        item['music_singer'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[2]/span/a/text()').extract())

                    elif i == 2:
                        item['music_singer'] = "|".join(
                            response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[3]/span/a/text()').extract())

                    else:
                        item['music_singer'] = ""
                if "發行時間" in info[i]:
                    nbsp = re.findall(r"<span class=\"pl\">發行時間:</span>(.*?)<br>", content, re.S)
                    item['music_time'] = "".join(nbsp).replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "")

            try:
                item['music_rating'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/strong/text()').extract())
                item['music_votes'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/div/div[@class="rating_sum"]/a/span/text()').extract())
            except Exception as error:
                item['music_rating'] = '0'
                item['music_votes'] = '0'
                log(error)
            item['music_tags'] = "|".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="db-tags-section"]/div/a/text()').extract())
            item['music_url'] = response.url
            yield item
        except Exception as error:
            log(error)

    def parse_review(self, response):
        try:
            item = MusicReviewItem()
            item['review_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract())
            content = "".join(
                response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/div[@property="v:description"]/text()').extract()
            )
            item['review_content'] = content.lstrip().rstrip().replace("\n", " ")
            item['review_author'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property = "v:reviewer"]/text()').extract())
            item['review_music'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/a[2]/text()').extract())
            item['review_time'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/p/text()').extract())
            item['review_url'] = response.url
            yield item
        except Exception as error:
            log(error)
            
 建立啟動檔案run.py
 # --*-- coding: utf-8 --*--
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl music".split())
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl video".split())