apache使用mod_proxy反向代理tomcat

說明：所使用的作業系統為Centos6.3,準備三台虛拟機，202.207.178.8（做為前端安裝apache，作為代理），node1:202.207.178.6（已經安裝了Tomcat,并可以通路到其預設頁面，作為後端），node2：202.207.178.7（已經安裝了Tomcat,并可以通路到其預設頁面，作為後端）

Tomcat相關安裝配置詳見本人部落格：http://10927734.blog.51cto.com/10917734/1874112

一、配置後端Tomcat（兩台配置基本相同，為了以示差別，将兩者顯示可設為不同）

1、編輯配置檔案，自定義Host，并檢查有無文法錯誤

# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

# vim server.xml

#将引擎的預設主機改為自己定義的主機

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.fsy.com"

jvmRoute="TomcatA">

#自定義一個Host

<Host name="www.fsy.com" appBase="/web"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

</Host>

# catalina.sh configtest

2、提供通路頁面

# mkdir -pv /web/webapps

# cd /web/webapps/

# vim index.jsp

添加以下内容：

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

<body>

<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>

<tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

</tr>

<td>Created on</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

3、啟動Tomcat服務，即可進行通路測試了

# service tomcat start

http://202.207.178.7:8080/

二、配置前端Apache

1、解決依賴關系

httpd-2.4.4需要較新版本的apr和apr-util，是以需要事先對其進行更新。這裡使用

源碼包進行更新（apr-1.5.2，apr-util-1.5.4 ）

(1) 編譯安裝apr

# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2

# cd apr-1.5.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(2) 編譯安裝apr-util

# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2

# cd apr-util-1.5.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util

--with-apr=/usr/local/apr

(3)httpd-2.4.4編譯過程也要依賴于pcre-devel軟體包，需要事先安裝。

#yum -y install pcre-devel

(4)可在編譯安裝httpd時會報錯：checking for OpenSSL version >=0.9.7 ...

#yum -y install openssl-devel

#yum update openssl

2、如果發現以前使用rpm包裝過httpd的解決辦法（重新安裝一次即可）

# rpm -e httpd --nodeps

# rm -rf /etc/httpd/

# make install

3、編譯安裝httpd-2.4.4

# tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.4.4

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre

--with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

--enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy

--enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer

--enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm

--enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog

# make && make install

4、提供SysV服務腳本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd，内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \

# HTML files and CGI.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then

echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"

else

killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

status)

status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

restart)

condrestart)

if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then

stop

start

reload)

reload

graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

$apachectl $@

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

5、而後為此腳本賦予執行權限并加入服務清單，便可啟動服務了！：

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

# chkconfig --add httpd

# service httpd start

6、配置apache通過mod_proxy子產品與Tomcat連接配接（代理至202.207.178.7）

要使用mod_proxy與Tomcat執行個體連接配接，需要apache已經裝載mod_proxy、 mod_proxy_http、mod_proxy_ajp和proxy_balancer_module

（實作Tomcat叢集時用到）等子產品

（1）檢視上述子產品是否已經裝載：

# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep proxy

proxy_module (shared)

proxy_connect_module (shared)

proxy_ftp_module (shared)

proxy_http_module (shared)

proxy_fcgi_module (shared)

proxy_scgi_module (shared)

proxy_ajp_module (shared)

proxy_balancer_module (shared)

proxy_express_module (shared)

（2）修改主配置檔案

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

注釋中心主機：

#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"

添加虛拟主機相關的内容：

Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

添加pid檔案：

PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"

（3）添加從配置檔案：

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

ProxyVia On

ProxyRequests Off

ProxyPass / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

ProxyPassReverse / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

Require all granted

</Proxy>

</Location>

</VirtualHost>

（4）啟動httpd服務

# service httpd restart

啟動報錯，檢視/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log發現報錯，需要啟動兩個子產品

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

LoadModule socache_shmcb_modulemodules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

通路http://202.207.178.8/，可以通路到後端！

7、配置apache通過mod_proxy子產品與Tomcat連接配接，實作負載均衡

（1）修改從配置檔案，改為以下内容

ProxyRequests Off

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.6:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.7:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB

ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests

</proxy>

#沒啥用，可以不定義

ServerName localhost

ProxyVia On

ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster1/

Require all granted

</Proxy>

</Location>

通路http://202.207.178.8/，可以通路到後端，并實作負載均衡！

8、提供後端狀态頁面

（1）修改配置檔案，在虛拟主機中添加以下内容

SetHandler balancer-manager

Proxypass !

Require all granted

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