使用UI Automation實作自動化測試--6 （模拟滑鼠在自動化測試中的應用)

模拟滑鼠在自動化測試中的應用

     盡管UI Automation可以實作控件的自動化，但是，自定義控件的自動化往往由于自定義控件中對自動化的支援不夠，而導緻無法使用UI Automation的相關Pattern來操作此控件。此時我們可以使用模拟滑鼠的操作來達到相應的效果。

. NET并沒有提供改變滑鼠指針位置、模拟點選操作的函數；但是Windows API提供了。在.NET中模拟滑鼠通常是調用底層的API來實作。

注：在使用前必須添加using System.Runtime.InteropServices;命名空間。

移動滑鼠到指定的位置

/// <summary> /// Add mouse move event /// </summary> /// <param name="x">Move to specify x coordinate</param> /// <param name="y">Move to specify y coordinate</param> /// <returns></returns>  [DllImport("user32.dll")] extern static bool SetCursorPos(int x, int y);

該函數可以改變滑鼠指針的位置。其中x，y是相對于螢幕左上角的絕對位置。

移動滑鼠到指定的位置并進行相應的滑鼠操作

/// Mouse click event /// <param name="mouseEventFlag">MouseEventFlag </param> /// <param name="incrementX">X coordinate</param> /// <param name="incrementY">Y coordinate</param> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="extraInfo"></param> [DllImport("user32.dll")] extern static void mouse_event(int mouseEventFlag, int incrementX, int incrementY, uint data, UIntPtr extraInfo );

這個函數不僅可以設定滑鼠指針絕對的位置，而且可以以相對坐标來設定。另外，該函數還可以模拟滑鼠左右鍵點選、滑鼠滾輪操作等。其中的MouseEventFlag是一個常量，定義如下：

const int MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE = 0x0001; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x0002; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x0004; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN = 0x0008; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP = 0x0010; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN = 0x0020; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP = 0x0040; const int MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE = 0x8000;

上面列舉的兩個函數的詳細說明，可參考MSDN幫助文檔。

如下代碼為在控件的指定位置上單擊滑鼠左鍵和右鍵。

public void ClickLeftMouse(int processId, string automationId) {     AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, automationId);     if (element == null)     {         throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' can not be find.",             element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name));     }     Rect rect = element.Current.BoundingRectangle;     int IncrementX = (int)(rect.Left + rect.Width / 2);     int IncrementY = (int)(rect.Top + rect.Height / 2);     //Make the cursor position to the element.     SetCursorPos(IncrementX, IncrementY);     //Make the left mouse down and up.     mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0);     mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0); } public void ClickRightMouse(int processId, string automationId)     mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0);     mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0);

在上面的代碼中，我們通過如下步驟來達到點選滑鼠的目的：

1.       通過UI Automation來找到需要滑鼠點選的控件；

2.       然後取得此控件的坐标；

3.       在設定點選坐标在控件的中心位置；

4.       移動滑鼠的位置到控件的中心位置（此步驟可以不要，但是為了達到雙保險的效果，我們還是移動一次）。

5.       調用Win32 API模拟滑鼠點選控件。

注：Rect需要引用WindowBase.dll，添加using System.Windows;明明空間。

    下面的例子示範了通過模拟滑鼠左鍵點選button來彈出對話框，并且模拟滑鼠點選對話框中的“OK”按鈕關閉對話框。

using System; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows; namespace UIATest     class Program         static void Main(string[] args)         {             Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\ATP.TestForm\bin\Debug\ATP.TestForm.exe");             int processId = process.Id;             Thread.Sleep(1000);             ClickLeftMouse(processId, "button1");             Thread.Sleep(3000);             ClickLeftMouse(processId, "2");             Console.WriteLine("Test finised.");         }         #region ClickMouse         #region Import DLL         /// <summary>         /// Add mouse move event         /// </summary>         /// <param name="x">Move to specify x coordinate</param>         /// <param name="y">Move to specify y coordinate</param>         /// <returns></returns>         [DllImport("user32.dll")]         extern static bool SetCursorPos(int x, int y);         /// Mouse click event         /// <param name="mouseEventFlag">MouseEventFlag </param>         /// <param name="incrementX">X coordinate</param>         /// <param name="incrementY">Y coordinate</param>         /// <param name="data"></param>         /// <param name="extraInfo"></param>         extern static void mouse_event(int mouseEventFlag, int incrementX, int incrementY, uint data, UIntPtr extraInfo);         const int MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE = 0x0001;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x0002;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x0004;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN = 0x0008;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP = 0x0010;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN = 0x0020;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP = 0x0040;         const int MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE = 0x8000;         #endregion          public static void ClickLeftMouse(int processId, string automationId)             AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, automationId);             if (element == null)             {                 throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' can not be find.",                     element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name));             }             Rect rect = element.Current.BoundingRectangle;             int IncrementX = (int)(rect.Left + rect.Width / 2);             int IncrementY = (int)(rect.Top + rect.Height / 2);             //Make the cursor position to the element.             SetCursorPos(IncrementX, IncrementY);             //Make the left mouse down and up.             mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, UIntPtr.Zero);             mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, UIntPtr.Zero);         #endregion         /// Get the automation elemention of current form.         /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>         /// <returns>Target element</returns>         public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)             AutomationElement targetWindow = null;             int count = 0;             try                 Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);                 targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);                 return targetWindow;             catch (Exception ex)                 count++;                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();                 string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();                 if (count > 5)                 {                     throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);                 }                 else                     return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);         /// Get the automation element by automation Id.         /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>         /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>         /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>         public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)             AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);             AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,             new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));             return tarFindElement;

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