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linux dmesg指令參數及用法詳解

功能說明:

功能說明:顯示開機資訊。

語  法:dmesg [-cn][-s <緩沖區大小>]

補充說明:kernel會将開機資訊存儲在ring buffer中。您若是開機時來不及檢視資訊,可利用dmesg來檢視。開機資訊亦儲存在/var/log目錄中,名稱為dmesg的檔案裡。

參  數:

 -c  顯示資訊後,清除ring buffer中的内容。

 -s<緩沖區大小>  預設定為8196,剛好等于ring buffer的大小。

 -n  設定記錄資訊的層級。

擴充閱讀一:dmesg指令主要用途

主要應用:

dmesg用來顯示核心環緩沖區(kernel-ring buffer)内容,核心将各種消息存放在這裡。在系統引導時,核心将與硬體和子產品初始化相關的資訊填到這個緩沖區中。核心環緩沖區中的消息對于診斷系統問題 通常非常有用。在運作dmesg時,它顯示大量資訊。通常通過less或grep使用管道檢視dmesg的輸出,這樣可以更容易找到待查資訊。例如,如果發現硬碟性能低下,可以使用dmesg來檢查它們是否運作在DMA模式:

$dmesg | grep DMA

...

ide0: BM-DMA at 0xf000-0xf007, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA

ide1: BM-DMA at 0xf008-0xf00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:DMA

上面幾行可以說明每個IDE裝置正在什麼模式下運作。如果以太網連接配接出現問題,那麼可以在dmesg日志中搜尋eth:

$dmesg | grep eth

forcedeth.c: Reverse Engineered nForce

ethernet driver. Version 0.49.

eth0: forcedeth.c: subsystem: 0147b:1c00

bound to 0000:00:04.0

eth0: no IPv6 routers present

如果一切正常,那麼dmesg顯示每個網卡的硬體配置資訊。如果某項系統服務未能得到正确的配置,dmesgdmesg >boot.messages

[root@new55 ~]# mail -s "Boot Log of Linux Server" [email protected] <boot.messages

[root@new55 ~]#

示例二 浏覽dmesg輸出的資訊

[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | less

Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010

BIOS-provided physical RAM map:

BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)

BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)

BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)

BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)

BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)

0MB HIGHMEM available.

503MB LOWMEM available.

Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range

disabling kdump

Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection

On node 0 totalpages: 128976

 DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0

 Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31

DMI 2.3 present.

Using APIC driver default

ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP                                    ) @ 0x000fe270

ACPI: RSDT (v001 HP     30C4     0x31100620 HP   0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84

ACPI: FADT (v002 HP     30C4     0x00000002 HP   0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00

ACPI: MADT (v001 HP     30C4     0x00000001 HP   0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8

ACPI: MCFG (v001 HP     30C4     0x00000001 HP   0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14

ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP       HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x1f7f6698

ACPI: DSDT (v001 HP       DAU00  0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000

ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008

ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfec01000

ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)

Processor #0 6:13 APIC version 20

ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])

ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])

IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23

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