Pytest單元測試系列[v1.0.0][Pytest安裝與配置]

和Unittest一樣，Pytest是另一個Python語言的單元測試架構，與Unittest相比它的測試用例更加容易編寫、運作方式更加靈活、報錯資訊更加清晰、斷言寫法更簡潔并且它可以運作有unittest和nose編寫的測試用例。

Pytest 安裝

啟動指令行，在指令行中使用pip工具安裝pytest，如圖所示。

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install -U pytest
Collecting pytest
  Using cached pytest-5.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (246 kB)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pluggy<1.0,>=0.12 in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: atomicwrites>=1.0; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (1.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: colorama; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: wcwidth in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.1.8)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: packaging in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (20.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: attrs>=17.4.0 in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (19.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: more-itertools>=4.0.0 in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (8.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: py>=1.5.0 in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (1.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest) (1.14.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest) (2.4.6)
Installing collected packages: pytest
Successfully installed pytest-5.4.1
           

代碼示例

建立一個python檔案，并寫入如下代碼：

def test_equal():
	assert(1,2,3)==(1,2,3)
           

然後在指令行運作該檔案，執行指令為 pytest xxx.py，執行結果如圖

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\123.py
===================================== test session starts ==================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.1, pytest-5.4.1, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator
collected 1 item

Desktop\123.py .                                                                                                 [100%]

====================================== 1 passed in 0.09s ==================================================
           

如果想看到詳細的執行結果，可以給執行指令加上參數 -v或者–verbose，即pytest -v xxx.py，執行結果如圖

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest -v C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\123.py
======================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.1, pytest-5.4.1, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- c:\program files\python38\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator
collected 1 item

Desktop/123.py::test_equal PASSED                                                                                [100%]

============================================ 1 passed in 0.04s ===============================================
           

我們在看一個執行失敗的例子，再建立一個py檔案，寫入如下代碼：

def test_equal():
	assert(1,2,3)==(3,2,1)
           

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest -v C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\123.py
=========================================== test session starts ==============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.1, pytest-5.4.1, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- c:\program files\python38\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator
collected 1 item

Desktop/123.py::test_equal FAILED                                                                                [100%]

============================================= FAILURES =======================================================
____________________________________________ test_equal ______________________________________________________

    def test_equal():
>       assert(1,2,3)==(3,2,1)
E    assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E      At index 0 diff: 1 != 3
E      Full diff:
E      - (3, 2, 1)
E      ?  ^     ^
E      + (1, 2, 3)
E      ?  ^     ^

Desktop\123.py:2: AssertionError
====================================== short test summary info ===============================================
FAILED Desktop/123.py::test_equal - assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
============================================= 1 failed in 0.20s ==============================================
           

配置Pycharm

解除安裝Pytest

C:\Users\Administrator>pip uninstall pytest
Found existing installation: pytest 5.4.1
Uninstalling pytest-5.4.1:
  Would remove:
    c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages\_pytest\*
    c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages\pytest-5.4.1.dist-info\*
    c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages\pytest\*
    c:\program files\python38\scripts\py.test.exe
    c:\program files\python38\scripts\pytest.exe
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled pytest-5.4.1

C:\Users\Administrator>