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Grafana+Prometheus監控Linux伺服器性能

使用Grafana和Prometheus對Linux伺服器性能進行監控,主要通過node_exporter進行監控,名額如 CPU、記憶體、磁盤等。Prometheus通過HTTP協定從遠端的機器收集資料并存儲Prometheus本地時序資料庫。

  1. 安裝啟動node_exporter

    需在被監控server上安裝node_exporter。下載下傳node_exporter,下載下傳位址:https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

    wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar xzvf /root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    mv /root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/
    ln -s /opt/prometheus/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64/  /opt/prometheus/node_exporter    #建立軟鍊           
    建立prometheus使用者,用于啟動node_exporter.service服務。
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M prometheus           
    建立 /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service 檔案。
    [Unit]
    Description=node_exporter
    Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
    After=network.target
    [Service]
    Type=simple
    User=prometheus
    ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter 
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target           
    啟動:
    systemctl start node_exporter.service
    systemctl enable node_exporter.service           
    #!/bin/bash
    #Author: Joey-Yu
    cat << EOF
    +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ** Welcome to install prometheus node_exporter for CentOS 7 OS|
    +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    EOF
    function format() {
    echo -e "\033[32m Success!!! \033[0m\n"
    echo "#########################################################"
    }
    #mkdir  dir
    echo "set prometheus node-exporter dir"
    dir=/opt/prometheus/
    if [ ! -d $dir ]; then
    mkdir -p /opt/prometheus/
    fi
    format
    #download node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    echo "download and tar prometheus node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz in root"
    #cd /root && wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    node_exporter_file=/root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    if [ ! -f $node_exporter_file ]; then
    echo "no node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz in root!" 
    exit
    else
    cd /root/
    tar xzvf /root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    mv /root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/
    format
    fi
    # useadd prometheus
    echo "useadd prometheus user"
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M prometheus
    format
    # chown prometheus and ln -s
    echo "chown prometheus and ln -s"
    cd /opt/prometheus/
    chown -R prometheus.prometheus  /opt/prometheus/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64/
    ln -s /opt/prometheus/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64/ /opt/prometheus/node_exporter
    format
    # config prometheus /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
    echo "touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service"
    touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=node_exporter
    Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
    After=network.target
    [Service]
    Type=simple
    User=prometheus
    ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter 
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    systemctl start node_exporter.service
    systemctl enable node_exporter.service
    format           
  2. prometheus配置

    修改prometheus.yml配置檔案。主要列出scrape_configs下的配置:

    - job_name: 'node-db'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/node-db.yml']
        refresh_interval: 5s
    - job_name: 'node-pre'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/node-pre.yml']
        refresh_interval: 5s
    - job_name: 'node-application'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/node-application.yml']
        refresh_interval: 5s
    - job_name: 'node-pro'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/node-pro.yml']
        refresh_interval: 5s           
    - targets: ["10.20.1.1:9100"]
    labels:
    instance: grafana
    - targets: ["10.20.1.2:9100"]
    labels:
    instance: Zabbix-proxy
    - targets: ["10.20.1.3:9100"]
    labels:
    instance: prometheus           
    systemctl restart prometheus.service           
  3. Web界面通路

    使用Prometheus内置了web界面通路效果。進入Prometheus Web首頁Status => Targets,成功後如下圖:

    Grafana+Prometheus監控Linux伺服器性能
    但Prometheus自帶的圖形并不夠強大,這裡結合Grafana作為Prometheus的Dashboard。
  4. 配置Grafana

    首先在Grafana中添加Prometheus作為資料源。

    進入Grafana,點選"Add data source"按鈕,跳轉到添加資料源頁面,配置Data Sources選項中添加資料源。

    其中URL填寫Prometheus位址,其他項保持預設。單擊 Save & Test 添加成功後如下:

    Grafana+Prometheus監控Linux伺服器性能

    Granfana 導入node_exporter 監控圖表。這裡選擇官網給的 https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/8919 監控模闆,導出Download JSON。該監控模闆有說明支援 Node Exporter v0.16及以上的版本,包含:CPU 記憶體 磁盤 IO 網絡 流量 溫度等監控名額。

    Granfana進入Create->Import導入Dashboards。

    node_exporter監控圖表最終效果如下:

    Grafana+Prometheus監控Linux伺服器性能
    監控項還是非常詳細,可在左上角選擇不同的node節點下的不同server檢視監控。

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