<translation-unit> ::= {<external-declaration>}*
<external-declaration> ::= <function-definition>
| <declaration>
<翻譯機關>：= {對外聲明> } * //函數的定義
<declaration-specifier> ::= <storage-class-specifier> //類的定義
| <type-specifier>
| <type-qualifier>
<存儲類說明符>：：=“自動” //存儲說明符auto register static extern說明的四種存儲類型，四種存儲類别說明符有兩種存儲期：自動存儲期和靜态存儲期
| "register"
| "static"
| "extern"
| "typedef"
<type-specifier> ::= "void" //類型說明符
| "char"
| "short"
| "int"
| "long"
| "float"
| "double"
| "signed"
| "unsigned"
| <struct-or-union-specifier>
| <enum-specifier>
| <typedef-name>
<struct-or-union-specifier> ::= <struct-or-union> <identifier> "{" {<struct-declaration>}+ "}" //結構或聯合說明符
| <struct-or-union> "{" {<struct-declaration>}+ "}"
| <struct-or-union> <identifier>
<struct-or-union> ::= "struct" //結構體，共用體
| "union"
<struct-declaration> ::= {<specifier-qualifier>}* <struct-declarator-list> //結構聲明
<specifier-qualifier> ::= <type-specifier> //限定類型說明符
<struct-declarator-list> ::= <struct-declarator> //struct聲明
| <struct-declarator-list> "," <struct-declarator>
<struct-declarator> ::= <declarator> //struct聲明
| <declarator> ":" <constant-expression>
| ":" <constant-expression>
<declarator> ::= {<pointer>}? <direct-declarator> //說明
<pointer> ::= "*" {<type-qualifier>}* {<pointer>}? //指針
<type-qualifier> ::= "const" //const是一個c語言關鍵字，他限定一個變量不允許被改變
| "volatile"
<direct-declarator> ::= <identifier> //直接聲明，辨別符
| "(" <declarator> ")"
| <direct-declarator> "[" {<constant-expression>}? "]"
| <direct-declarator> "(" <parameter-type-list> ")"
| <direct-declarator> "(" {<identifier>}* ")"
<constant-expression> ::= <conditional-expression> //常來表達式，條件表達式
<conditional-expression> ::= <logical-or-expression> //三位運算符
| <logical-or-expression> "?" <expression> ":" <conditional-expression>
<logical-or-expression> ::= <logical-and-expression> //"或"
| <logical-or-expression "||" <logical-and-expression>
<logical-and-expression> ::= <inclusive-or-expression> //"與"
| <logical-and-expression "&&" <inclusive-or-expression>
<inclusive-or-expression> ::= <exclusive-or-expression> //"或"
| <inclusive-or-expression> "|" <exclusive-or-expression>
<exclusive-or-expression> ::= <and-expression> //"異或"
| <exclusive-or-expression> "^" <and-expression>
<and-expression> ::= <equality-expression> //"與"
| <and-expression> "&" <equality-expression>
<equality-expression> ::= <relational-expression>
| <equality-expression> "==" <relational-expression> //"取值"
| <equality-expression> "!=" <relational-expression> //"不等于"
<relational-expression> ::= <shift-expression>
| <relational-expression> "<" <shift-expression> //"大于"
| <relational-expression> ">" <shift-expression> //"小于"
| <relational-expression> "<=" <shift-expression> //"小于等于"
| <relational-expression> ">=" <shift-expression> //"大于等于"
<shift-expression> ::= <additive-expression> //"位運算符"
| <shift-expression> "<<" <additive-expression>
| <shift-expression> ">>" <additive-expression>
<multiplicative-expression> ::= <cast-expression> //" '*,/,%'運算符"
| <multiplicative-expression> "*" <cast-expression>
| <multiplicative-expression> "/" <cast-expression>
| <multiplicative-expression> "%" <cast-expression>
<cast-expression> ::= <unary-expression> //一進制運算符
| "(" <type-name> ")" <cast-expression>
<unary-expression> ::= <postfix-expression>
| "++" <unary-expression> //"自增"
| "--" <unary-expression> //"自減"
| <unary-operator> <cast-expression>
| "sizeof" <unary-expression> //動态配置設定空間
| "sizeof" <type-name>
<postfix-expression> ::= <primary-expression> //字尾表達式
| <postfix-expression> "[" <expression> "]"
| <postfix-expression> "(" {<assignment-expression>}* ")"
| <postfix-expression> "." <identifier>
| <postfix-expression> "->" <identifier>
| <postfix-expression> "++"
| <postfix-expression> "--"
<primary-expression> ::= <identifier> //字首表達式
| <constant>
| <string>
| "(" <expression> ")"
<constant> ::= <integer-constant> //整型常量
| <character-constant> //字元常量
| <floating-constant> //浮點常量
| <enumeration-constant> //枚舉常量
<expression> ::= <assignment-expression> //指派表達式
| <expression> "," <assignment-expression>
<assignment-expression> ::= <conditional-expression> //指派表達式
| <unary-expression> <assignment-operator> <assignment-expression>
<assignment-operator> ::= "=" //指派操作符
| "*="
| "/="
| "%="
| "+="
| "-="
| "<<="
| ">>="
| "&="
| "^="
| "|="
<unary-operator> ::= "&" //一進制運算符
| "*"
| "+"
| "-"
| "~"
| "!"
<type-name> ::= {<specifier-qualifier>}+ {<abstract-declarator>}? //修飾符
<parameter-type-list> ::= <parameter-list> //參數類型清單
| <parameter-list> "," ...
<parameter-list> ::= <parameter-declaration> //參數聲明
| <parameter-list> "," <parameter-declaration>
<parameter-declaration> ::= {<declaration-specifier>}+ <declarator> //聲明說明符
| {<declaration-specifier>}+ <abstract-declarator>
| {<declaration-specifier>}+
<abstract-declarator> ::= <pointer> //指針，直接摘要說明
| <pointer> <direct-abstract-declarator>
| <direct-abstract-declarator>
<direct-abstract-declarator> ::= ( <abstract-declarator> ) //直接聲明符
| {<direct-abstract-declarator>}? "[" {<constant-expression>}? "]"
| {<direct-abstract-declarator>}? "(" {<parameter-type-list>|? ")"
<enum-specifier> ::= "enum" <identifier> "{" <enumerator-list> "}" //枚舉聲明符
| "enum" "{" <enumerator-list> "}"
| "enum" <identifier>
<enumerator-list> ::= <enumerator> //枚舉器
| <enumerator-list> "," <enumerator>
<enumerator> ::= <identifier> //枚舉辨別符
| <identifier> "=" <constant-expression>
<typedef-name> ::= <identifier> //辨別符
<declaration> ::= {<declaration-specifier>}+ {<init-declarator>}* //聲明說明符，初始化
<init-declarator> ::= <declarator> // 初始化聲明符
| <declarator> "=" <initializer>
<initializer> ::= <assignment-expression> //初始化
| "{" <initializer-list> "}"
| "{" <initializer-list> "," "}"
<initializer-list> ::= <initializer> //初始化清單
| <initializer-list> "," <initializer>
<compound-statement> ::= "{" {<declaration>}* {<statement>}* "}" //複合語句
<statement> ::= <labeled-statement> //标記語句
| <expression-statement> //表達式語句
| <compound-statement> //複合語句
| <selection-statement> //選擇語句
| <iteration-statement> //疊代語句
| <jump-statement> //跳轉語句
<labeled-statement> ::= <identifier> ":" < statement> //标記語句，辨別符
| "case" <constant-expression> ":" <statement>
| "default" ":" <statement>
<expression-statement> ::= {<expression>}? ";" //表達式語句
<selection-statement> ::= "if" "(" <expression> ")" <statement> //選擇語句
| "if" "(" <expression> ")" <statement> "else" <statement> //if---else
| "switch" "(" <expression> ")" <statement> //switch
<iteration-statement> ::= "while" "(" <expression> ")" <statement> //while循環語句 do while，for
| "do" <statement> "while" "(" <expression> ")" ";"
| "for" "(" {<expression>}? ";" {<expression>}? ";" {<expression>}? ")" <statement>
<jump-statement> ::= "goto" <identifier> ";" //goto跳轉語句 continue，break，return
| "continue" ";"
| "break" ";"
| "return" {<expression>}? ";"