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OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

關于OAuth 2.0，請參見下面這兩篇文章（牆裂推薦）：

《OAuth 2.0》

《Spring Security OAuth 2.0》

 紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行。理論知識了解以後，最終還是要動手實踐，不親自做一遍永遠不知道裡面有多少坑。本節的重點是用Spring Security實作授權碼模式。

1. maven依賴 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>cjs-oauth2-code-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>cjs-oauth2-code-server</name>
    <description></description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

2. 配置Security 

package com.cjs.example.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        super.configure(auth);
//        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$qsJ/Oy1RmUxFA.YtDT8RJ.Y2kU3U4z0jvd35YmiMOAPpD.nZUIRMC").roles("USER");

    }

    @Override
    public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
        super.configure(web);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        super.configure(http);
    }


    @Bean
    @Override
    protected UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        User.UserBuilder builder = User.builder();
        UserDetails user = builder.username("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$GStfEJEyoSHiSxnoP3SbD.R8XRowP1QKOdi.N6/iFEwEJWTQqlSba").roles("USER").build();
        UserDetails admin = builder.username("lisi").password("$2a$10$GStfEJEyoSHiSxnoP3SbD.R8XRowP1QKOdi.N6/iFEwEJWTQqlSba").roles("USER", "ADMIN").build();
        return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user, admin);
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        System.out.println(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("123456"));
        System.out.println(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("12345678"));
    }
}

3. 配置授權伺服器 

package com.cjs.example.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer;


@Configuration
@EnableAuthorizationServer
public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {
        super.configure(security);
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
        clients.inMemory()
                .withClient("my-client-1")
                .secret("$2a$10$0jyHr4rGRdQw.X9mrLkVROdQI8.qnWJ1Sl8ly.yzK0bp06aaAkL9W")
                .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code", "refresh_token")
                .scopes("all")
                .redirectUris("http://www.baidu.com");
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
        super.configure(endpoints);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64().encodeAsString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes()));
        System.out.println(java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes()));
    }
}

這裡用戶端的secret是12345678，存儲的是加密後的值

4. 啟動類 

package com.cjs.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

到目前為止，好像我們就做了兩件事情：一、配置使用者；二、注冊用戶端

現在，我們有兩個使用者（zhangsan和lisi）以及一個已注冊的用戶端（my-client-1）

接下來，用postman模拟用戶端請求擷取access_token

5. 協定端點

我們知道，在擷取access_token之前需要使用者授權，然後傳回一個code，最後用code換access_token

在這個過程中涉及到三個伺服器端點：授權端點、重定向端點、令牌端點

通過控制台看看啟動日志可能會加深了解：

.   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.0.3.RELEASE)

2018-06-26 09:44:09.575  INFO 6528 --- [           main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication     : Starting CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication on USER-20170302XK with PID 6528 (E:\cjsworkspace\cjs-oauth2-example\cjs-oauth2-code-server\target\classes started by Administrator in E:\cjsworkspace\cjs-oauth2-example\cjs-oauth2-code-server)
2018-06-26 09:44:09.597  INFO 6528 --- [           main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication     : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-06-26 09:44:09.762  INFO 6528 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@22635ba0: startup date [Tue Jun 26 09:44:09 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-06-26 09:44:12.931  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-06-26 09:44:12.997  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-06-26 09:44:12.998  INFO 6528 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
2018-06-26 09:44:13.200  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-06-26 09:44:13.200  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 3448 ms
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] .s.DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'springSecurityFilterChain' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.380  INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.529  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/authorize]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.AuthorizationEndpoint.authorize(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>,org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus,java.security.Principal)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.530  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/authorize],methods=[POST],params=[user_oauth_approval]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.View org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.AuthorizationEndpoint.approveOrDeny(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, ?>,org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus,java.security.Principal)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.530  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/token],methods=[POST]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.OAuth2AccessToken> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.TokenEndpoint.postAccessToken(java.security.Principal,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>) throws org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/token],methods=[GET]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.OAuth2AccessToken> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.TokenEndpoint.getAccessToken(java.security.Principal,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>) throws org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/check_token]}" onto public java.util.Map<java.lang.String, ?> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.CheckTokenEndpoint.checkToken(java.lang.String)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/confirm_access]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.WhitelabelApprovalEndpoint.getAccessConfirmation(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) throws java.lang.Exception
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531  INFO 6528 --- [           main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/error]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.WhitelabelErrorEndpoint.handleError(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.760  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.019  INFO 6528 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@22635ba0: startup date [Tue Jun 26 09:44:09 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-06-26 09:44:14.049  INFO 6528 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.049  INFO 6528 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.062  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.063  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.103  WARN 6528 --- [           main] ion$DefaultTemplateResolverConfiguration : Cannot find template location: classpath:/templates/ (please add some templates or check your Thymeleaf configuration)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.865  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-06-26 09:44:14.901  INFO 6528 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-06-26 09:44:14.904  INFO 6528 --- [           main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication     : Started CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication in 6.298 seconds (JVM running for 8.287)

5.1. 授權端點

請求

參數名稱 描述
response_type 必填。将其值設定為code表示如果成功的話将收到一個授權碼。
client_id 必填。用戶端辨別。
redirect_uri 可選。重定向URI雖然不是必須的，但是你的服務應該會需要它。而且，這個URL必須和授權服務端注冊的redirect_id一緻。
scope 可選。請求可能會有一個或多個scope值。授權伺服器會把用戶端請求的範圍(scope)展示給使用者看。
state 推薦。state參數用于應用存儲特定的請求資料的可以防止CSRF攻擊。授權伺服器必須原封不動地将這個值傳回給應用。

例如：

http://localhost:8080/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=my-client-1&redirect_uri=http://www.baidu.com&scope=all

響應

code 授權碼，稍後用此授權碼交換通路令牌
請求時帶的state參數

https://www.baidu.com/?code=7Zudn6

5.2. 令牌端點

grant_type 必填。參數值必須是"authorization_code"
必填。之前收到的授權碼
可能是必填的。如果授權請求的時候有redirect_uri，那麼token請求的時候也必須帶上這個參數，二者的值必須是一樣的。
用戶端辨別，如果沒有其它的用戶端認證存在的話這個參數是必須的。

關于用戶端認證補充一點

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

授權伺服器可以通過HTTP Basic Auth方式對用戶端進行認證，也可以通過在請求中加一個client_secret參數來對用戶端進行認證。

不建議将用戶端的secret直接作為參數放到client_secret中，而且這種方式下client_id和client_secret都是必填參數。

特别注意，使用者（資源所有者）的使用者名和密碼跟用戶端的使用者名和密碼（client_id、client_secret）不是一套，它們是兩個東西。

那麼，通過HTTP Basic Auth如何對用戶端進行認證呢？用戶端需要怎樣傳參呢？

需要在請求header中設定Authorization，它的值是Basic + 空格 + Base64加密後的client_id:secret

至于為什麼，那是協定要求的，具體可以參考https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617#page-5，格式如下：

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

POST /oauth/token HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Authorization: Basic bXktY2xpZW50LTE6MTIzNDU2Nzg=
cache-control: no-cache
Postman-Token: baf729b9-f030-41c1-b6fb-d740b0c5c573
User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.1.1
Accept: */*
Host: localhost:8080
cookie: JSESSIONID=45EAF00C9829B9F569579DB08533D850; UISESSION=2A65FF6FC8C6BE415DE3C043E3EDAAA4
accept-encoding: gzip, deflate
content-length: 103
Connection: keep-alive

grant_type=authorization_code&code=7Zudn6&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com&client_id=my-client-1

6. 用戶端請求

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

直接在浏覽器中輸入以下位址，然後會跳到登入授權頁面

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求
OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

上面這兩個頁面都是預設自帶的

授權成功以後重定向

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

有了授權碼以後就可以換取access_token了

OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求
OAuth 2.0 授權碼請求

這個請求中唯一需要注意的一個參數就是Authorization，這是用于認證用戶端的，本例中它是這樣算出來的

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(new org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64().encodeAsString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes()));
    System.out.println(java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes()));
}

是以，最終是Basic bXktY2xpZW50LTE6MTIzNDU2Nzg=

到此為止，我們隻是獲得了access_token，下一節将講解如何配置資源伺服器，以及用戶端通路受保護的資源。

另外，本例中關于令牌的存儲，以及用戶端注冊都是在記憶體中，實際生産過程中肯定是要存儲到資料庫中的，這一部分以後有時間再寫吧！

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