Linux驅動開發: Ubuntu(PC機)系統上編譯驅動并加載測試

一、環境介紹

作業系統: ubuntu18.04 64位

二、編寫Makefile(PC機)

先輸入uname -r指令檢視目前系統的版本.

root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# uname -r
5.3.0-40-generic      

檢視系統核心的路徑是否存在:

root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# ls /usr/src/
linux-headers-5.3.0-40          linux-headers-5.4.0-53-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-47
linux-headers-5.3.0-40-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-48
linux-headers-5.4.0-48-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-45  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-53      

根據目前系統的版本，确定對應的路徑:  /usr/src/linux-headers-5.3.0-40

root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# ls /usr/src/
linux-headers-5.3.0-40          linux-headers-5.4.0-53-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-47
linux-headers-5.3.0-40-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-48
linux-headers-5.4.0-48-generic  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-45  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-53
root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# ls /usr/src/linux-headers-5.3.0-40
arch   certs   Documentation  fs       init  Kbuild   kernel  Makefile  net      scripts   sound  ubuntu  virt
block  crypto  drivers        include  ipc   Kconfig  lib     mm        samples  security  tools  usr      

完整的編寫Makefile如下：

Linux_ADD=/usr/src/linux-headers-5.3.0-40-generic
app_dev:
    make -C $(Linux_ADD) M=`pwd` modules clean
    make -C $(Linux_ADD) M=`pwd` modules
    gcc spectrometer_app.c -o app
obj-m +=spectrometer_usb_drv.o      

編譯安裝測試:

root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# insmod spectrometer_usb_drv.ko 
root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# modinfo spectrometer_usb_drv.ko 
filename:       /mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu/spectrometer_usb_drv.ko
license:        GPL
author:         xiaolong
srcversion:     40F0CA1A1C1E3BA787F1B57
alias:          usb:v0661p294Bd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias:          usb:v148Fp5370d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
depends:        
retpoline:      Y
name:           spectrometer_usb_drv
vermagic:       5.3.0-40-generic SMP mod_unload 
root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# rmmod spectrometer_usb_drv.ko       

 關于日志顯示的問題:  驅動程式正常會使用printk向終端列印調試資訊, 如果驅動安裝之後目前終端沒有反應，可以先使用dmesg指令檢視日志裡是否有輸出。

root@wbyq:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/linux_c/usb_dev_ubuntu# dmesg
[137747.993110] 總線名稱:usb
[137747.993111] 端點号[0]:129
[137747.993111] 端點[0] 輸入端點(裝置到主機)
[137747.993112] 端點[0] 裝置支援批量傳輸.
[137747.993112] 端點[0] 傳輸的資料大小:512
[137747.993112] probe:dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr=129
[137747.993113] 端點号[1]:1
[137747.993113] 端點[1] 輸出端點(主機到裝置)
[137747.993113] 端點[1] 裝置支援批量傳輸.
[137747.993114] 端點[1] 傳輸的資料大小:512
[137747.993114] probe:dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr=1
[137747.993114] 端點号[2]:2
[137747.993115] 端點[2] 輸出端點(主機到裝置)
[137747.993115] 端點[2] 裝置支援批量傳輸.
[137747.993115] 端點[2] 傳輸的資料大小:512
[137747.993115] 端點号[3]:3
[137747.993116] 端點[3] 輸出端點(主機到裝置)
[137747.993116] 端點[3] 裝置支援批量傳輸.
[137747.993116] 端點[3] 傳輸的資料大小:512
[137747.993116] 端點号[4]:4
[137747.993116] 端點[4] 輸出端點(主機到裝置)
[137747.993117] 端點[4] 裝置支援批量傳輸.
[137747.993117] 端點[4] 傳輸的資料大小:512
[137747.993157] USB光譜儀裝置節點注冊成功:/dev/spectrometer_usb_drv ,主裝置号:10,次裝置号:53
[137747.993173] usbcore: registered new interface driver spectrometer_usb_drv      

三、順便說下嵌入式Linux驅動Makefile編譯方式

Linux_ADD=/home/wbyq/work/linux-3.5/linux-3.5
app_dev:
    make -C $(Linux_ADD) M=`pwd` modules clean
    make -C $(Linux_ADD) M=`pwd` modules
    cp *.ko /home/wbyq/project/ -fv
    arm-linux-gcc spectrometer_app.c -o app
    cp app /home/wbyq/project/ -fv
obj-m +=spectrometer_usb_drv.o