02-HK租房 從0 到 1
本文是 hkzf 移動端 的系列教程,旨在通過一系列的文章來幫助初學者快速掌握基于React技術棧的項目開發。
路由配置
基本知識點
例子
import React from "react";
import {
BrowserRouter as Router,
Switch,
Route,
Link
} from "react-router-dom";
export default function BasicExample() {
return (
<Router>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/dashboard">Dashboard</Link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
{/*
A <Switch> looks through all its children <Route>
elements and renders the first one whose path
matches the current URL. Use a <Switch> any time
you have multiple routes, but you want only one
of them to render at a time
*/}
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/">
<Home />
</Route>
<Route path="/about">
<About />
</Route>
<Route path="/dashboard">
<Dashboard />
</Route>
</Switch>
</div>
</Router>
);
}
// You can think of these components as "pages"
// in your app.
function Home() {
return (
<div>
<h2>Home</h2>
</div>
);
}
function About() {
return (
<div>
<h2>About</h2>
</div>
);
}
function Dashboard() {
return (
<div>
<h2>Dashboard</h2>
</div>
);
}
兩種路由方式
import { BrowserRouter,HashRouter } from "react-router-dom"
- HashRouter
- BrowserRouter
兩者的差別在與路由顯示方式不同:
HashRouter =>
https://bnpsd.csb.app/#/aboutBrowserRouter =>
https://bnpsd.csb.app/about三種渲染方式
在react-router的中,有3種渲染方式
- component 每次渲染都會觸發元件的對應的生命周期
- render 内聯模式渲染 props需要傳遞到函數内
- children 一直渲染 props需要傳遞到函數内
<Route path="/home" component={Home} />
<Route path="/home" render={(props) => <Home {...props} />}/>
<Route path="/home" children={() => <About/>}/>
HK項目中的路由配置
在HK項目src/App.js檔案中,可以找到對應的路由資訊,采用的是children的渲染模式,為每一個配置的
route
添加了關鍵字
exact
,精準比對每一個路由。
import React,{ Fragment } from "react"
import { HashRouter as Router,Route} from "react-router-dom"
import Home from "./pages/Home"
import List from "./pages/List"
import News from "./pages/News"
import Profile from "./pages/Profile"
import HKLayout from "./components/HKLayout"
import { getCityNameAction } from './store/actionCreator'
import BMap from './pages/BMap'
import CityList from './pages/CityList'
import store from "./store"
export default class TabBarExample extends React.Component {
componentDidMount(){
this.getLocalCity();
}
getLocalCity = (params) => {
let map = new window.BMap.LocalCity();
map.get((result) => {
const cityName = "廣州" || result.name;
store.dispatch(getCityNameAction(cityName));
}
)
}
render(){
return <Fragment>
<Router>
<Route path="/" exact render={()=> <HKLayout><Home/></HKLayout>}></Route>
<Route path="/List" exact render={()=><HKLayout> <List/></HKLayout>}></Route>
<Route path="/News" exact render={()=><HKLayout><News/></HKLayout>}></Route>
<Route path="/Profile" exact render={()=><HKLayout><Profile/></HKLayout>}></Route>
<Route path="/CityList" exact component={CityList}></Route>
<Route path="/BMap" exact component={BMap}></Route>
</Router>
</Fragment>
}
}
環境變量配置
.env
檔案在由 creact-react-app 生成的項目裡是一個關于當環境的配置檔案,
我們可以在這個檔案裡寫一些配置,在實際開發中,我們會有開發、staging、生産等環境,每個環境的配置都不盡相同,最基本地,每個環境請求的後端伺服器的 url 就不相同,自己 mock 的時候的本機位址、與後端聯調時候的區域網路的位址,staging 的域名和正式上線環境的域名等等。
下面是對應的.env檔案的應用,.env一般是放置在項目根目錄下:
-
: 預設.env
-
: 本地變量 這個檔案是除了test之外會應用到的環境.env.local
-
,.env.development
.env.test
: Environment-specific settings 環境特定的變量..env.production
-
.env.development.local
.env.test.local
: 覆寫本地特定的環境變量.env.production.local
左邊的檔案比右邊的有更多優先權:
-
:npm start
.env.development.local
.env.development
.env.local
.env
-
npm run build
.env.production.local
.env.production
.env.local
.env
-
npm test
.env.test.local
.env.test
(note.env
is missing).env.local
在HK項目中,我們配置了兩個配置檔案
.env.development
(用于開發環境)和
.env.production
(用于生産環境)
.env.development
REACT_APP_API_URL = http://hkzf.zbztb.cn
.env.production
REACT_APP_API_URL = http://hkzf.zbztb.xxx
在項目中使用
REACT_APP_API_URL
/**
* 通用的接口url
*/
export let REACT_APP_API_URL = process.env.REACT_APP_API_URL
請求攔截器
axios中文文檔預設配置
你指定的預設配置将會被應用到每個請求中
全局的axios配置
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
自定義的預設執行個體
// Set config defaults when creating the instance
const instance = axios.create({
baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
});
// Alter defaults after instance has been created
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
配置的優先順序
配置将會以以下的優先順序被合并。預設配置在
lib/defaults.js裡面可以找到。然後是執行個體的
defaults
屬性,之後就是請求的
config
參數。後者将會比前者優先權更高。下面是一個例子。
// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
const instance = axios.create();
// Override timeout default for the library
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
instance.get('/longRequest', {
timeout: 5000
});
Interceptors
你可以在請求或者響應被攔截前使用
then
或者
catch
// Add a request interceptor
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
// Do something before request is sent
return config;
}, function (error) {
// Do something with request error
return Promise.reject(error);
});
// Add a response interceptor
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
// Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
// Do something with response data
return response;
}, function (error) {
// Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
// Do something with response error
return Promise.reject(error);
});
如果你想移除一個攔截器你可以
const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
你可以添加一個攔截器到一個自定義的axios執行個體中。
const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
在HK項目中配置axios
src/utils/request.js
import Axios from "axios"
import { Toast } from "antd-mobile"
import { REACT_APP_API_URL } from "./urls"
//1. 配置一個通用的url
export let axios = Axios.create({
baseURL:REACT_APP_API_URL
})
//2. 請求攔截
axios.interceptors.request.use(function(config){
Toast.loading("正在加載中...",1*60*60,null,true);
return config;
},function(error){
return Promise.reject(error)
})
//3. 傳回資料的攔截
axios.interceptors.response.use(function( res ){
Toast.hide();
return res.data;
},
function(error){
return Promise.reject(error);
})