先上效果圖;
代碼github位址:
github.com/koudle/GDG_…1.建立工程
在Android Studio中,
File
->
New
->
New Flutter Project
Flutter Application
建立完工程後,有三個目錄
android
:Android工程的目錄
ios
:iOS工程的目錄
lib
: Flutter工程的目錄
其中android、ios下的檔案我們都不動,我們隻改動lib目錄下的dart檔案。
2.運作Flutter工程
- 連接配接手機
- 這裡不建議用模拟器,因為模拟器在用GPU渲染時可能會出問題,導緻圖檔渲染不出來。
- 然後按
在手機上把程式跑起來。Run
3.天氣API接口申請
注冊位址
console.heweather.com/register注冊完後,再看API文檔
www.heweather.com/documentsdemo這裡用的是,擷取當天天氣情況的API:
www.heweather.com/documents/a…用的請求URL如下:
https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=廣州&key=******
4.界面編寫
在建立的工程裡,有個
main.dart
裡面有一段顯示界面的代碼如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
// This is the theme of your application.
//
// Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
// application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
// changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
// "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
// or press Run > Flutter Hot Reload in a Flutter IDE). Notice that the
// counter didn't reset back to zero; the application is not restarted.
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
其中
home
就是要顯示的界面,這裡我們要把
MyHomePage
換成我們自己的。
4.1 建立WeatherWidget
通過
new
Dart File
在lib目錄下建立WeatherWidget
class WeatherWidget extends StatefulWidget{
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new WeatherState();
}
}
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
return Scaffold(
);
}
}
建立完後,在
main.dart
中将
home
改為
WeatherWidget
,如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: WeatherWidget(),
);
}
4.2 HotReload
在寫UI的工程中,我們可以用到Flutter的hot reload的特性,寫布局的時候,按
ctrl+s
或
cmd+s
就可以在手機上實時看到界面的變化。
這個功能很好用。
4.3添加圖檔資源
Flutter可以添加不同的資源,例如圖檔、文本、配置檔案、靜态資料等。
添加資源時,需要在
pubspec.yaml
檔案中的
flutter
屬性下添加
assets
,并标明要添加資源的路徑,例如,我們要加入指定的圖檔時,可以這麼寫:
flutter:
assets:
- assets/my_icon.png
- assets/background.png
如果要添加的資源太多,也可以添加檔案夾,例如:
flutter:
assets:
- assets/
在本demo中,要添加一個背景圖,我們在工程的根目錄下建立
images
目錄,将背景圖放在
images
目錄下,然後在
pubspec.yaml
中添加:
flutter:
# The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
# included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
# the material Icons class.
uses-material-design: true
assets:
- images/
4.4 寫WeatherWidget的UI布局
在
Scaffold
中添加
body
的屬性,來寫UI的布局,如下:
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
return Scaffold(
body: new Stack(
fit: StackFit.expand,
children: <Widget>[
new Image.asset("images/weather_bg.jpg",fit: BoxFit.fitHeight,),
new Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start,
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
new Container(
width: double.infinity,
margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 40.0),
child: new Text(
"廣州市",
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0,
),
),
),
new Container(
width: double.infinity,
margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 100.0),
child: new Column(
children: <Widget>[
new Text(
"20 °",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 80.0
)),
new Text(
"晴",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 45.0
)),
new Text(
"濕度 80%",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0
),
)
],
),
)
],
)
],
),
);
}
}
按
ctrl+s
,在手機上就可以看到寫好的UI,但這時候的資料是寫死的,下來看如何通過http擷取資料。
5.通過http擷取資料
要通過http資料,我們首先要添加http的依賴庫,在
pubspec.yaml
中的
dependencies
添加如下:
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
# The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application.
# Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2
http: ^0.12.0
然後在目前工程目錄下運作以下指令行:
$ flutter packages get
或者在Android Stuido 打開
pubspec.yaml
檔案,點選上面的
packages get
這裡操作的意義是,拉取http的庫。
5.1 建立WeatherData類
new
Dart File
在lib目錄下建立WeatherData
class WeatherData{
String cond; //天氣
String tmp; //溫度
String hum; //濕度
WeatherData({this.cond, this.tmp, this.hum});
factory WeatherData.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
return WeatherData(
cond: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['cond_txt'],
tmp: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['tmp']+"°",
hum: "濕度 "+json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['hum']+"%",
);
}
factory WeatherData.empty() {
return WeatherData(
cond: "",
tmp: "",
hum: "",
);
}
}
5.2 資料擷取
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
WeatherData weather = WeatherData.empty();
WeatherState(){
_getWeather();
}
void _getWeather() async{
WeatherData data = await _fetchWeather();
setState((){
weather = data;
});
}
Future<WeatherData> _fetchWeather() async{
final response = await http.get('https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=廣州&key=ebb698e9bb6844199e6fd23cbb9a77c5');
if(response.statusCode == 200){
return WeatherData.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
}else{
return WeatherData.empty();
}
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
...
}
}
5.3 将之前寫死的資料換成WeatherData
...
child: new Column(
children: <Widget>[
new Text(
weather?.tmp,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 80.0
)),
new Text(
weather?.cond,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 45.0
)),
new Text(
weather?.hum,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0
),
)
],
),
...
至此這款天氣查詢的APP實作了一個顯示城市、溫度、天氣、濕度的界面,但是這個界面隻有一個顯示的功能,沒有任何可互動的地方,寫下篇文章繼續完善查詢天氣的APP的功能。
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