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Kubernetes ConfigMap熱更新測試 – 探究ConfigMap的建立和更新流程

ConfigMap熱更新測試

ConfigMap是用來存儲配置檔案的kubernetes資源對象,所有的配置内容都存儲在etcd中,下文主要是探究 ConfigMap 的建立和更新流程,以及對 ConfigMap 更新後容器内挂載的内容是否同步更新的測試。

測試示例

假設我們在 default namespace 下有一個名為 nginx-config 的 ConfigMap,可以使用 kubectl指令來擷取:

$ kubectl get configmap nginx-config
NAME DATA AGE
nginx-config 1 99d      

擷取該ConfigMap的内容。

kubectl get configmap nginx-config -o yaml      
apiVersion: v1
data:
 nginx.conf: |-
 worker_processes 1;

 events { worker_connections 1024; }

 http {
 sendfile on;

 server {
 listen 80; # a test endpoint that returns http 200s
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://httpstat.us/200;
 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } }

 server {

 listen 80;
 server_name api.hello.world;

 location / {
 proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header Connection "";
 proxy_http_version 1.1;

 more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample'; } }

 server {

 listen 80;
 server_name www.hello.world;

 location / { # allow 'employees' to perform dtab overrides if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie != "letmein") {
 more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample'; } # add a dtab override to get people to our beta, world-v2 set $xheader ""; if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie ~* "dogfood") { set $xheader "/host/world => /srv/world-v2;"; }

 proxy_set_header 'l5d-dtab' $xheader;


 proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header Connection "";
 proxy_http_version 1.1; } } }
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
 creationTimestamp: 2017-08-01T06:53:17Z
 name: nginx-config
 namespace: default
 resourceVersion: "14925806"
 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/nginx-config
 uid: 18d70527-7686-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd      

ConfigMap中的内容是存儲到etcd中的,然後查詢etcd:

ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get /registry/configmaps/default/nginx-config
/registry/configmaps/default/nginx-config      

注意使用 v3 版本的 etcdctl API,下面是輸出結果:

k8s

v1	ConfigMap�

T

nginx-configdefault"*$18d70527-7686-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd28B
 �ʀ����xz�


nginx.conf�
 worker_processes 1;

events { worker_connections 1024; }

http {
 sendfile on;

 server {
 listen 80;

 # a test endpoint that returns http 200s
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://httpstat.us/200;
 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
 }
 }

 server {

 listen 80;
 server_name api.hello.world;

 location / {
 proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header Connection "";
 proxy_http_version 1.1;

 more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample';
 }
 }

 server {

 listen 80;
 server_name www.hello.world;

 location / {


 # allow 'employees' to perform dtab overrides
 if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie != "letmein") {
 more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample';
 }

 # add a dtab override to get people to our beta, world-v2
 set $xheader "";

 if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie ~* "dogfood") {
 set $xheader "/host/world => /srv/world-v2;";
 }

 proxy_set_header 'l5d-dtab' $xheader;


 proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header Connection "";
 proxy_http_version 1.1;
 }
 }
}"      

輸出中在 nginx.conf 配置檔案的基礎中增加了檔案頭内容,是kubernetes增加的。

代碼

ConfigMap 結構體的定義:

// ConfigMap holds configuration data for pods to consume.
type ConfigMap struct {
	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"` // Standard object's metadata. // More info: http://releases.k8s.io/HEAD/docs/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata // +optional
	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"` // Data contains the configuration data. // Each key must be a valid DNS_SUBDOMAIN with an optional leading dot. // +optional Data map[string]string `json:"data,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=data"` }      

在 staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go 中ConfigMap 的接口定義:

// ConfigMapInterface has methods to work with ConfigMap resources.
type ConfigMapInterface interface { Create(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error) Update(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error) Delete(name string, options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions) error
	DeleteCollection(options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions, listOptions meta_v1.ListOptions) error
	Get(name string, options meta_v1.GetOptions) (*v1.ConfigMap, error) List(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (*v1.ConfigMapList, error) Watch(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) Patch(name string, pt types.PatchType, data []byte, subresources ...string) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error) ConfigMapExpansion }      

在 staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go 中建立 ConfigMap 的方法如下:

// Create takes the representation of a configMap and creates it. Returns the server's representation of the configMap, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *configMaps) Create(configMap *v1.ConfigMap) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error) {
	result = &v1.ConfigMap{}
	err = c.client.Post(). Namespace(c.ns). Resource("configmaps"). Body(configMap). Do(). Into(result) return }      

通過 RESTful 請求在 etcd 中存儲 ConfigMap 的配置,該方法中設定了資源對象的 namespace 和 HTTP 請求中的 body,執行後将請求結果儲存到 result 中傳回給調用者。

注意 Body 的結構

// Body makes the request use obj as the body. Optional. // If obj is a string, try to read a file of that name. // If obj is a []byte, send it directly. // If obj is an io.Reader, use it directly. // If obj is a runtime.Object, marshal it correctly, and set Content-Type header. // If obj is a runtime.Object and nil, do nothing. // Otherwise, set an error.       

建立 ConfigMap RESTful 請求中的的 Body 中包含 ObjectMeta 和 namespace。

HTTP 請求中的結構體:

// Request allows for building up a request to a server in a chained fashion. // Any errors are stored until the end of your call, so you only have to // check once.
type Request struct { // required
	client HTTPClient
	verb string

	baseURL *url.URL
	content ContentConfig
	serializers Serializers // generic components accessible via method setters
	pathPrefix string
	subpath string params url.Values
	headers http.Header // structural elements of the request that are part of the Kubernetes API conventions namespace string
	namespaceSet bool
	resource string
	resourceName string
	subresource string
	timeout time.Duration // output
	err error
	body io.Reader // This is only used for per-request timeouts, deadlines, and cancellations.
	ctx context.Context

	backoffMgr BackoffManager
	throttle flowcontrol.RateLimiter }      

測試

分别測試使用 ConfigMap 挂載 Env 和 Volume 的情況。

更新使用ConfigMap挂載的Env

使用下面的配置建立 nginx 容器測試更新 ConfigMap 後容器内的環境變量是否也跟着更新。

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: my-nginx
spec:
 replicas: 1 template:
 metadata:
 labels:
 run: my-nginx
 spec:
 containers: - name: my-nginx
 image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/nginx:1.9
 ports: - containerPort: 80
 envFrom: - configMapRef:
 name: env-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
 name: env-config
 namespace: default
data:
 log_level: INFO      

擷取環境變量的值

$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` env|grep log_level
log_level=INFO      

修改 ConfigMap

$ kubectl edit configmap env-config      

修改 log_level 的值為 DEBUG。

再次檢視環境變量的值。

$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` env|grep log_level
log_level=INFO      

實踐證明修改 ConfigMap 無法更新容器中已注入的環境變量資訊。

更新使用ConfigMap挂載的Volume

使用下面的配置建立 nginx 容器測試更新 ConfigMap 後容器内挂載的檔案是否也跟着更新。

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: my-nginx
spec:
 replicas: 1 template:
 metadata:
 labels:
 run: my-nginx
 spec:
 containers: - name: my-nginx
 image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/nginx:1.9
 ports: - containerPort: 80
 volumeMounts: - name: config-volume
 mountPath: /etc/config
 volumes: - name: config-volume
 configMap:
 name: special-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
 name: special-config
 namespace: default
data:
 log_level: INFO      
$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` cat /tmp/log_level
INFO      
$ kubectl edit configmap special-config      

等待大概10秒鐘時間,再次檢視環境變量的值。

$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` cat /tmp/log_level
DEBUG      

我們可以看到使用 ConfigMap 方式挂載的 Volume 的檔案中的内容已經變成了 DEBUG。

總結

更新 ConfigMap 後:

  • 使用該 ConfigMap 挂載的 Env 不會同步更新
  • 使用該 ConfigMap 挂載的 Volume 中的資料需要一段時間(實測大概10秒)才能同步更新

ENV 是在容器啟動的時候注入的,啟動之後 kubernetes 就不會再改變環境變量的值,且同一個 namespace 中的 pod 的環境變量是不斷累加的,參考

Kubernetes中的服務發現與docker容器間的環境變量傳遞源碼探究

。為了更新容器中使用 ConfigMap 挂載的配置,可以通過滾動更新 pod 的方式來強制重新挂載 ConfigMap,也可以在更新了 ConfigMap 後,先将副本數設定為 0,然後再擴容。

本文轉自kubernetes中文社群-

Kubernetes ConfigMap熱更新測試 – 探究ConfigMap的建立和更新流程

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