設計模式（八）過濾器模式

過濾器也是一種結構型模式，它允許我們使用不同的規則過濾某一組對象。

首先我們來編寫一個實體類，用作被過濾的對象。

public class Person {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private Gender gender;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Person{");
        sb.append("age=").append(age);
        sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
        sb.append(", gender=").append(gender);
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Gender getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Gender gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Person(int age, String name, Gender gender) {

        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}

enum Gender {
    Male, Female
}
           

然後來編寫過濾器。這裡編寫了兩個過濾器，過濾年齡和性别的。還編寫了一個與過濾器，用于同時應用兩個過濾器。

public interface Filter {
    List<Person> filter(List<Person> people);
}

class AgeGreaterThan20Filter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
        List<Person> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Person p : people) {
            if (p.getAge() > 20) {
                result.add(p);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

class FemaleFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
        List<Person> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Person p : people) {
            if (p.getGender() == Gender.Female) {
                result.add(p);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

class AndFilter implements Filter {
    private Filter one;
    private Filter other;

    public AndFilter(Filter one, Filter other) {
        this.one = one;
        this.other = other;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
        List<Person> tmp = one.filter(people);
        return other.filter(tmp);
    }
}
           

之後來測試一下。我們可以看到，由于過濾器和實體類解耦，是以我們可以随便使用過濾器來處理資料。

List<Person> people = new ArrayList<>();
people.add(new Person(22, "yitian", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(23, "zhang3", Gender.Female));
people.add(new Person(24, "li4", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(25, "wang5", Gender.Female));
people.add(new Person(13, "zhao6", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(10, "fuck", Gender.Female));
Filter femaleFilter = new FemaleFilter();
List<Person> women = femaleFilter.filter(people);
System.out.println("女人們:" + women);
Filter ageGreaterThan20Filter = new AgeGreaterThan20Filter();
List<Person> gt20 = ageGreaterThan20Filter.filter(people);
System.out.println("大于20的人:" + gt20);

Filter andFilter = new AndFilter(femaleFilter, ageGreaterThan20Filter);
System.out.println("既是女性有大于20的人:" + andFilter.filter(people));
           

如果使用過Java 8的話會發現lambda表達式和流類庫會幫我們非常友善的實作過濾器模式的功能。

//lambda表達式
List<Person> men = people.stream()
        .filter(o -> o.getGender() == Gender.Male)
        .filter(o -> o.getAge() >= 23)
        .collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("大于23的男性:" + men);
           

通過新的語言特性，我們可以簡化設計模式的使用，更快速的開發程式。當然，了解設計模式還是很有必要的。領會設計模式的思想，可以讓我們更深刻的了解程式設計的奧秘，對我們學習程式設計還是很有幫助的。