天天看點

python基礎之元組,清單

>>> menber=["小甲魚","不定","怡欣","mt"]

>>> for each in menber:
	print(each,len(each))           

python的内置對象預覽:

Number(數字):3.0145,1234,99L,3+4j(負數常量)

String(字元串):'sapm',"紅色經'kkk'典"

List(清單):[1,[2,'three points'],4]

Dictionary(字典):{'food':'spam','taste':'yum'}

Tuple(元組):(1,'spam',4,'U')

File(檔案):text=open{'segg','r'}.read()

python的比較操作符與java一樣

> 大于

< 小于

------------------------------------------------------------

條件分支文法:

①if 條件:

→縮進   條件為真執行

else:

→縮進條件為假執行操作

②while

while 條件:

條件為真執行操作

and邏輯操作運算符

随機:random子產品

randint(),會傳回一個随機整數

類型轉換

整數→字元串str()例如str(132412)變為'132412'

整數→浮點型float()

int()注意:浮點數轉換為整數時會采取截斷處理。

擷取類型資訊

type()傳回類型

例子:a='reui'

type(a)

isinstance()方法 

例子:isistance('eq',str)

傳回一個布爾類型值。是否是這個類型

循環:

while  循環:

while 條件:、

循環體

for循環:

for   目标  in  表達式清單:

range() 

文法:range() ([strat,] stop[,step=1])

step=1,預設的值為1;range作用是生産一個從start參數的值開始到stop參數的數字序列

清單:

因為python中變量沒有類型,而數組元素的類型是相等的,是以python沒有數組,是以清單是加強版的數組~

①建立普通清單

例如:數組名=[1,23,3,4,4,4,4]

②混合清單(清單的成員變量類型包括很多類型)

③建立空清單:empty=[]

對清單的操作:

顯示長度→len(清單名)

向清單中添加元素→清單名.append(變量)   

        向清單中插入清單→清單名.extend([變量1,變量2 ,] )

插入清單中任意位置→清單名.insert(2,"ds")  插入第二個位置

删除清單元素→remove("成員變量")   

del  menber[4]→删除第五個成員

       傳回并删除該值→pop(5)   删除第6個元素

清單的分片slice

 menber[1:3]   :将會顯示第二個和第三個成員變量,形成了對源清單的拷貝!

清單的比較操作符:

>>> list1=[123,345]
>>> list2=[234,123]
>>> list1>list2
False           

隻要清單1的第一個元素大于清單2,那麼,後面的數就不用比較了。

+号運算

>>> list1+"xiaojiayu"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>
    list1+"xiaojiayu"
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list
>>> list1+list2
[123, 345, 234, 123]
>>>            

*号運算

>>> list1*3
[123, 345, 123, 345, 123, 345]           

in運算符  隻能夠影響一層

>>> list5=[123,["xiaojiayu","why"]]
>>> list4=[123,"xiaojiayu","why"]
>>> "why" in list4
True
>>> "why" in list5
False
>>>            

檢視list的内置函數:

>>> dir(list)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
>>>            

使用:

count 計數

>>> list4.count(123)
1           

轉置reverse()

排序sort(0):預設是從小到大排序

>>> list6=[1,0,9,5,4,7,6,2,11,10]
>>> list6.sort()
>>> list6
[0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11]
>>> list6.reverse()
>>> list6
[11, 10, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 0]
>>>            

或者

>>> list6.sort(reverse=True)
>>> list6
[11, 10, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 0]
>>>            

清單的複制:

>>> list7=list6[2:9]
>>> list7
[9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1]           

如果是用=号時,就是給這個清單起了另一個名字,而分片兒複制則會在記憶體中實實在在的配置設定存儲空間。

元組:戴上了加鎖的清單(不能随意插入,删除等操作)

>>> tuple1=(1,2,3,5,8,6,9)
>>> tuple1
(1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 6, 9)
>>> tuple1[3]
5
>>> tuple1[1:3]
(2, 3)
>>> temp=(1)
>>> type(temp)
<class 'int'>
>>> type(temp1=(1,))
TypeError: type() takes 1 or 3 arguments
>>> temp=(1,)
>>> type(temp)
<class 'tuple'>
>>>            

插入操作:(生成新的元組)

>>> temp=("意境","和","下架與")
>>> temp=temp[:2]+("哇")+temp[2:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#50>", line 1, in <module>
    temp=temp[:2]+("哇")+temp[2:]
TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not "str") to tuple
>>> temp=temp[:2]+("哇",)+temp[2:]
>>> temp
('意境', '和', '哇', '下架與')
>>>            

字元串之内置方法

>>> str='i am fool ,yami'
>>> str
'i am fool ,yami'
>>> find("fool")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module>
    find("fool")
NameError: name 'find' is not defined
>>> find('fool')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
    find('fool')
NameError: name 'find' is not defined
>>> str.find('fool')
5
>>> str.join('123')
'1i am fool ,yami2i am fool ,yami3'
>>> "{a} love {b} {c}".format("i" ,"want" ,"to do")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#23>", line 1, in <module>
    "{a} love {b} {c}".format("i" ,"want" ,"to do")
KeyError: 'a'
>>> "{a} love {b} {c}".format(a="i" ,b="want" ,c="to do")
'i love want to do'
>>> "{1} love {2} {3}".format("i" ,"want" ,"to do")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#25>", line 1, in <module>
    "{1} love {2} {3}".format("i" ,"want" ,"to do")
IndexError: tuple index out of range
>>> "{0} love {1} {2}".format("i" ,"want" ,"to do")
'i love want to do'
>>>            

序列:

清單,數組和字元串的共同點

可以通過索引得到每個元素

索引預設為從0開始

可以通過分片的方法得到一個範圍内的元素的集合

共同操作符

list()将一個可疊代對象轉換為清單

list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items

>> help(list)
Help on class list in module builtins:

class list(object)
 |  list() -> new empty list
 |  list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __add__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self+value.
 |  
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      Return key in self.
 |  
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |  
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
 |  
 |  __ge__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>=value.
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |  
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |  
 |  __gt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>value.
 |  
 |  __iadd__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self+=value.
 |  
 |  __imul__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self*=value.
 |  
 |  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |  
 |  __le__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<=value.
 |  
 |  __len__(self, /)
 |      Return len(self).
 |  
 |  __lt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<value.
 |  
 |  __mul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.n
 |  
 |  __ne__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self!=value.
 |  
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __repr__(self, /)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |  
 |  __reversed__(...)
 |      L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list
 |  
 |  __rmul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.
 |  
 |  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)
 |      Set self[key] to value.
 |  
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes
 |  
 |  append(...)
 |      L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end
 |  
 |  clear(...)
 |      L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L
 |  
 |  count(...)
 |      L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
 |  
 |  extend(...)
 |      L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
 |  
 |  index(...)
 |      L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  insert(...)
 |      L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
 |      Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
 |  
 |  remove(...)
 |      L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  reverse(...)
 |      L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  sort(...)
 |      L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__ = None
           
上一篇: Servlet筆記