Docker技術筆記：Ubuntu安裝Docker CE

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安裝環境

作業系統：Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 (LTS)

Go語言版本：1.9.4

配置Ubuntu更新源（清華大學）

$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse           

解除安裝舊版本的Docker

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io           

安裝新版本的Docker

步驟一：安裝必要的系統工具

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common           

步驟二：安裝GPG證書

$ curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -           

步驟三：寫入軟體源資訊

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"           

步驟四：更新并安裝Docker-CE

$ sudo apt-get -y update
$ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce           

附：安裝指定版本的Docker-CE

# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
$ apt-cache madison docker-ce
  docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages

# Step 2: 安裝指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 如上 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)
$ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]           

配置阿裡雲鏡像加速器

需登入阿裡雲管理控制台，擷取專屬的加速器位址。

針對Docker用戶端版本大于1.10.0的使用者，可以通過修改daemon配置檔案/etc/docker/daemon.json來使用加速器：

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
$ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://irnlfwui.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker           

測試Docker版本（驗證安裝是否成功）

指令：docker –version && docker version && docker info

$ sudo docker --version
Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6

$ sudo docker version
Client:
 Version:   17.12.1-ce
 API version:   1.35
 Go version:    go1.9.4
 Git commit:    7390fc6
 Built: Tue Feb 27 22:17:40 2018
 OS/Arch:   linux/amd64
Server:
 Engine:
  Version:  17.12.1-ce
  API version:  1.35 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.4
  Git commit:   7390fc6
  Built:    Tue Feb 27 22:16:13 2018
  OS/Arch:  linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

$ sudo docker info
Containers: 3
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 3
Images: 6
...           

測試Docker安裝

可以通過運作簡單的Docker Image來進行安裝測試：

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:083de497cff944f969d8499ab94f07134c50bcf5e6b9559b27182d3fa80ce3f7
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
...           

列出所有的鏡像image和容器container：

$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              f2a91732366c        3 months ago        1.85kB

$ sudo docker container ls -all
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
c621f40a070c        hello-world         "/hello"            15 minutes ago      Exited (0) 15 minutes ago                       friendly_edison           

Recap and Cheat Sheet

## List Docker CLI commands
docker
docker container --help

## Display Docker version and info
docker --version
docker version
docker info

## Excecute Docker image
docker run hello-world

## List Docker images
docker image ls

## List Docker containers (running, all, all in quiet mode)
docker container ls
docker container ls --all
docker container ls -a -q

## Stop all Docker containers
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)

## Remove all Docker containers
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

## Remove specific Docker image
docker rmi <image_id>

## Remove all untagged Docker images (id is <none>)
docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")

## Remove all Docker images
docker rmi $(docker ps -a -q)           

參考資料

其他關于舊版本Docker解除安裝以及測試開發版本Docker安裝的幫助，可以參考官方文檔的說明進行安裝。

Ubuntu中安裝Docker幫助連結