http://www.anquanweb.com/uploads/userup/1057/13233150H-WN.jpg ubuntu 怎麼更新?ubuntu更新指令及 方法 安裝Ubuntu系統後,第一件事就是更新系統源。由于系統安裝的預設源位址在英國,作為Ubuntu的主源,國内連接配接速度非常慢,是以我們要将它換成就近的快速源。 網上有些人說CN99是國内最快的源,但不同的網絡狀況連接配接以下源的速度不同, 是以cn99并不一定是最快的源, 建議在添加前手動驗證一下源的連接配接速度(ping下就行),比如說北京網通ADSL使用者連接配接cn99就非常慢,而ftp.sjtu.edu.cn則相對較快,選擇最快的源可以節省大批下載下傳時間。 首先備份源清單,而後用gedit或其他編輯器打開源清單檔案: sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 從下面清單中選擇合适的源,替換掉檔案中所有的内容,儲存編輯好的檔案然後執行源的更新(注意:不同的Ubuntu版本對應的源是不同的,千萬不要弄錯了): sudo apt-get update 如果更新很慢,可以用上面的方法換一個源,然後再試,直到成功為止。然後,執行真正的系統更新:sudo apt-get upgrade;如下圖所示: http://www.anquanweb.com/uploads/userup/1057/1323314O4-Z39.jpg常用的源清單如下: ubuntu 8.04的163源為: deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Mirror.lupaworld.com 源更新伺服器(浙江省杭州市雙線伺服器,網通同電信都可以用,亞洲地區官方更新伺服器): deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse Ubuntu 官方源 推薦北方網通使用者添加 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 台灣的官方源速度也相當不錯,有時甚至快于内地的: deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 再加個中國電信源科技大學的源(能用速度還不 錯) deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse 防止非官方源中軟體包不全的問題,請在sources.list檔案中尾部添加下面這個官方源。 deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse 如果沒有這個源,下面安裝某些軟體的時候會提示找不到,比如w32codecs 台灣源可能會慢一些,耐心等一下,換源後一般下載下傳速度都有幾十K,上百K也很正常。 ubuntu更新指令 常用的APT指令參數: apt-cache search package 搜尋包 apt-cache show package 擷取包的相關資訊,如說明、大小、版本等 sudo apt-get install package 安裝包 sudo apt-get install package - - reinstall 重新安裝包 sudo apt-get -f install 修複安裝"-f = ——fix-missing" sudo apt-get remove package 删除包 sudo apt-get remove package - - purge 删除包,包括删除配置檔案等 sudo apt-get update 更新源 sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安裝的包 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 更新系統 sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 更新 apt-cache depends package 了解使用依賴 apt-cache rdepends package 是檢視該包被哪些包依賴 sudo apt-get build-dep package 安裝相關的編譯環境 apt-get source package 下載下傳該包的源代碼 sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理無用的包 sudo apt-get check 檢查是否有損壞的依賴 |