Python字典方法總結

1.清空字典中元素清空，dict變為{}

    L.clear()-> None.  Remove all items from L

>>> L ={'shaw':23,'sam':36,"eric":40}

>>> L.clear()

>>> print L

{}

2.傳回一個字典的淺複制

    L.copy()-> a shallow copy of L

>>> L.copy()

{'shaw': 23, 'sam': 36,'eric': 40}

3.用于建立一個新字典，以序列seq中元素做字典的鍵，value為字典所有鍵對應的初始值(預設為“None”)

    Lict.fromkeys(S[,v])-> New Lict with keys from S and values equal to v. v defaults toNone.

>>> seq =('shaw','sam','stiven')

>>> name =dict.fromkeys(seq)

>>> print"listone :{}".format(name)

listone :{'stiven': None,'shaw': None, 'sam': None}

>>> name =dict.fromkeys(seq,1000)

listone :{'stiven': 1000,'shaw': 1000, 'sam': 1000}

4．傳回指定鍵的值，如果值不在字典中傳回預設值(None)

    D.get(k[,d])-> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaultsto None.

>>> L.get('shaw')

23

>>> printL.get('stiven')

None

5．用于判斷鍵是否存在于字典中，如果鍵在字典dict裡傳回true，否則傳回false

    L.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k,else False

>>> L.has_key('sam')

True

>>>L.has_key('linux')

False

6.以清單的方式傳回可周遊的(鍵, 值) 元組（鍵值對）

    L.items()-> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples

>>> L.items()

[('shaw', 23), ('sam', 36),('eric', 40)]

7.以清單的方式傳回一個字典所有的鍵

    L.keys()-> a set-like object providing a view on L's keys

>>> L.keys()

['shaw', 'sam', 'eric']

8.删除某個鍵值對

    D.pop(k[,d])-> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is notfound, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised

>>> L.pop('sam')

36

>>> L

{'shaw': 23, 'eric': 40}

9.預設删除字典中第一個鍵值對

    D.popitem()-> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.

>>> L.popitem()

('shaw', 23)

{'sam': 36, 'eric': 40}

10. setdefault()方法和get()方法類似，如果鍵不已經存在于字典中，将會添加鍵并将值設為預設值（如果dict中已有a,則不會被覆寫）

    D.setdefault(k[,d]) ->D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D

>>>L.setdefault('stiven')

{'stiven': None, 'shaw': 23,'sam': 36, 'eric': 40}

>>>L.setdefault('mira',65)

65

{'stiven': None, 'mira': 65,'shaw': 23, 'sam': 36, 'eric': 40}

>>>L.setdefault('shaw',18)

11.把字典dict2的鍵/值對更新到dict裡

    L.update()

>>> A ={'book':45,'apple':13}

>>> L.update(A)

{'book': 45, 'apple': 13,'shaw': 23, 'sam': 36, 'eric': 40}

12．傳回dic所有的值

    L.values(…)

>>> L = {'book':45,'apple':13}

>>> L.values()

[45, 13]