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linux 軟體安裝及管理

####軟體安裝####

一.軟體名稱識别

[abrt-addon-ccpp]-[2.1.11-19].[el7].[x86_64].rpm     ##rpm結尾的适用與redhat作業系統

       ||      ||         ||       ||

    軟體名稱    軟體版本 軟體适用系統 64位

二.如何安裝軟體

1.rpm

rpm -ivh name.rpm                  ##安裝 ,-v顯示過程,-h指定加密方式為hash

 -e name                                   ##解除安裝

 -ql name                                  ##查詢軟體生成檔案

 -qlp name.rpm                        ##查詢軟體安裝後會生成什麼檔案

 -qa                                             ##查詢系統中安裝的所有軟體名稱

 -qa |grep name                        ##查詢軟體是否安裝

 -q name                                      ##。。。。

 -qp name.rpm                           ##查詢軟體安裝包安裝後的名字

 -qf filename                                ##檢視filename屬于那個安裝包

 -ivh name.rpm --force                ##強制安裝,但不能忽略依賴性

 -ivh name.rpm --nodeps --force ##忽略依賴性并且強制安裝

 -qi name                                      ##檢視軟體資訊

 -Kv name.rpm                              ##檢測軟體包是否被篡改

 -qp name.rpm --scripts                ##檢測軟體在安裝或解除安裝過程中執行的動作

2.yum

yum

上層軟體管理工具,最重要的功能是可以解決軟體的倚賴關系

yum能夠投入使用的前提是必須要有yum源,以及配置源的指向檔案

yum clean all                                         ##清空yum緩存識别新配置

yum  install  softwarename                  ##安裝

  repolist                                                ##列出設定yum源資訊

  remove  softwarename                       ##解除安裝

  list  softwarename                                  ##檢視軟體源中是否有次軟體

  list all                                                     ##列出所有軟體名稱

  list installd                                          ##列出已經安裝的軟體名稱

  list available                                     ##列出可以用yum安裝的軟體名稱

  search  softwareinfo                       ##根據軟體資訊搜尋軟體名字

  whatprovides filename              ##在yum源中查找包含filename檔案的軟體包  

  update                                           ##更新軟體

  history                                          ##檢視系統軟體改變曆史

  reinstall softwarename              ##重新安裝

  info  softwarename                     ##檢視軟體資訊

  groups list                                     ##檢視軟體組資訊

  groups info softwaregroup           ##檢視軟體組内包含的軟體

  groups install softwaregroup          ##安裝元件

  groups remove softwaregroup           ##解除安裝元件

###server源端###

1.從網絡上下本機系統版本比對的iso鏡像檔案

rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso

2.把rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso挂在到/rhel7.2以便通路鏡像中的檔案

mount rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso /rhel7.2

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/96d5a29736ed0f39d0b89b0985b1515c.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_810728281.png" target="_blank"></a>

配置本機yum源指向

rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo

[Server]

name=rhel7.1

baseurl=file:///mnt

gpgcheck=0

<a href="https://s5.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/eb9ad910419a026781b31517b25827e8.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2678259890.png" target="_blank"></a>

應用rpm -e firefox       删除firefox浏覽器

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/8a5f9e77165533860a3c6946d01a6138.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2194277100.png" target="_blank"></a>

用df 可檢視挂在情況

用yum install firefox   安裝firefox浏覽器

<a href="https://s4.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/d7d98b3f034b37c04afcb89324e745f6.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_531656516.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s5.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/b8bb097a2bdcee36e45f84b78598a557.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_3952352049.png" target="_blank"></a>

可以看到安裝成功!!!

<a href="https://s4.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/ddbb2ce641a6cd9c14f6bb91fa9f8afd.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_3238477713.png" target="_blank"></a>

安裝資源共享服務

yum install httpd -y

systemctl stop firewalld  

systemctl disable firewalld 

systemctl start httpd 

systemctl enable httpd

<a href="https://s3.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/0ed24e54cb8528c5ef733659ea20903d.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_637123727.png" target="_blank"></a>

在虛拟機浏覽器輸入主機ip可看到如下

<a href="https://s4.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/c6857ea5de6219635bfce4743b74da99.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1268053770.png" target="_blank"></a>

建立共享目錄,并挂在鏡像檔案到共享目錄上

mkdir  /var/www/html/rhel7.2

mount rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso   /var/www/html/rhel7.2

<a href="https://s4.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/eba37918f66cc7d1b30e62c739c9a8c4.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_562361048.png" target="_blank"></a>

測試

可以看到鏡像中的内容

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/a57705446b1d79077c000b977b64baad.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2288654272.png" target="_blank"></a>

開機自動挂在

vim  /etc/rc.d/rc.local

mount  rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.2

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/cfbc47f6621df58ba3b7f59cb27f0f3a.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1307003258.png" target="_blank"></a>

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/9a3c168db6e532594e01863b62c19837.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1574537633.png" target="_blank"></a>

給虛拟機用yum install 裝lftp

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/e7e3f981627b29626a56e41e199ce350.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_3754798170.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s3.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/bf69ab6b027458d5d7a8d10656db1c50.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_4216826711.png" target="_blank"></a>

第三方軟體倉庫的搭建

把所有的rpm軟體包放到一個目錄中,這個目錄中隻能存在rpm檔案 

software目錄裡均為rpm檔案,将software複制到 /var/www/html 中

createrepo -v  /var/www/html/software           對軟體進行掃描

<a href="https://s2.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/0f540d6beb339e5b2cd8986840bcfd0b.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1728821321.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/b571c5c802b0a96e611b424cba202768.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_110669356.png" target="_blank"></a>

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/xxx.repo

[Software]

name=software

baseurl=file:///rpm存放目錄

####client指向端####

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/xxxx.repo

##倉庫指向檔案位置

[xxxx]                                                      ##自定義軟體倉庫名稱

name=xxxx                                            ##自定義軟體倉庫描述

baseurl=ftp://|http://|file://                   ##倉庫位置

gpgcheck=0                                          ##不檢測gpgkey

                                                              ##gpgkey表示軟體的出品logo

<a href="https://s2.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/bdea3b8f6d9d52d8e142d63675452df8.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1807497141.png" target="_blank"></a>

yum search office

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/6fa0cd648070c82b2090c4381a60956a.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1853192743.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/c2165c512aefd141dda4b424aae45d7c.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_543179480.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/bc1b7073b795983eabfbb97041544e60.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1385024600.png" target="_blank"></a>

給虛拟機裝 wps

<a href="https://s4.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/44a4d6326bdf5fb6aa8d51b789d8243b.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_3579274896.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s3.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/e7dc6e9bdbee24dad64688c21fa7cd9e.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2217777312.png" target="_blank"></a>

安裝成功!!!

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/6cded9377148a463d6e535f450071d18.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_3224336794.png" target="_blank"></a>

修改配置檔案  vim /etc/yum.conf

<a href="https://s1.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/a75f5fee54e36b7e0d1c81f727373e01.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1000739688.png" target="_blank"></a>

<a href="https://s5.51cto.com/oss/201710/30/5b80fce906684ac4c30049a625312e64.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1118918172.png" target="_blank"></a>

 本文轉自 huanzi2017 51CTO部落格,原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/13362895/1977622

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