整合小容量磁盤和實作分區的動态伸縮。
boot用來存放引導檔案，不要基于LVM建立,開機的過程中不識别邏輯卷。
PV（Physical Volume，實體卷）：實體分區，或整個實體磁盤，由PE（Physical Extent，基本單元）組成。
VG（Volume Group，卷組）：一個或多個實體卷組成的整體。
LV（Logical Volume，邏輯卷）：從卷組中分割出的一塊邏輯存儲空間，課通過格式化建立檔案系統。
功能
實體卷
卷組
邏輯卷
scan（掃描）
pvscan
vgscan
lvscan
create（建立）
pvcreate
vgcreate
lvcreate
display（顯示）
pvdisplay
vgdisplay
lvdisplay
remove（删除）
pvremove
vgremove
lvremove
extend（擴充）
vgextend
lvextend
reduce（減少）
vgreduce
lvreduce
圖形管理程式：system-config-lvm
LVM建立過程：建立PV-->建立-->VG-->建立LV-->格式化LV-->挂載
LVM删除過程：解除安裝-->删除LV-->删除VG-->删除PV
pvcreate 裝置路徑
vgcreate 卷組名 裝置路徑
lvcreate -L 大小 -n 邏輯卷名 卷組名
建立LVM實驗步驟：
添加一塊硬碟20GB：
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk # 檢視添加的硬碟
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 3.6G 0 rom /dvd
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1000M 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.8G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
[root@node0 ~]# parted /dev/sdb # 對硬碟進行分區
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel # 建立分區表
New disk label type? gpt # 分區表類型為GPT
(parted) mkpart # 建立分區
Partition name? []?
File system type? [ext2]? ext4 # 寫入檔案系統的類型
Start? 0 # 開始位置
End? 50% # 結束位置
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i # 忽略
(parted) p # 顯示分區結果
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.7GB 10.7GB
(parted) mkpart
File system type? [ext2]? ext4
Start? 50%
End? 100%
(parted) p
2 10.7GB 21.5GB 10.7GB
(parted) quit
[root@node0 ~]# pvscan # 掃描現有的PV
No matching physical volumes found
[root@node0 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 # 建立PV
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
[root@node0 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@node0 ~]# vgscan # 掃描現有的VG
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "vg01" using metadata type lvm2
[root@node0 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg01 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.99g 19.99g
[root@node0 ~]# lvcreate -L 15GB -n lv01 vg01 # 建立LV
Logical volume "lv01" created.
[root@node0 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv01 vg01 -wi-a----- 15.00g
[root@node0 ~]# lvscan # 掃描現有的LV
ACTIVE '/dev/vg01/lv01' [15.00 GiB] inherit
[root@node0 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lv01 # 格式化LV
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
983040 inodes, 3932160 blocks
196608 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4026531840
120 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk # 檢視裝置
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 3.6G 0 rom /dvd
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1000M 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.8G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
│ └─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 15G 0 lvm
└─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
└─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 15G 0 lvm
擴充、縮減LV：
[root@node0 ~]# lvextend -L +2GB /dev/vg01/lv01 # 擴充LV
Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 15.00 GiB (3840 extents) to 17.00 GiB (4352 extents).
Logical volume lv01 successfully resized
[root@node0 ~]# lvs
lv01 vg01 -wi-a----- 17.00g
[root@node0 ~]# lvreduce -L -1GB /dev/vg01/lv01 # 減小LV
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 16.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce lv01? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 17.00 GiB (4352 extents) to 16.00 GiB (4096 extents).
擴充、縮減VG：
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk # 添加硬碟
sr0 11:0 1 3.6G 0 rom /dvd
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
│ └─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 16G 0 lvm
└─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 16G 0 lvm
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
[root@node0 ~]# parted /dev/sdc # 為新添加的硬碟分區
Using /dev/sdc
(parted) mkl
New disk label type? Gpt # 建立分區表
(parted) mkpart # 建立分區
Start? 0%
(parted) p # 檢視結果
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5GB
1 1049kB 21.5GB 21.5GB
(parted) quit # 退出parted分區工具
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk # 檢視結果
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 20G 0 part
[root@node0 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1 # 建立PV
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@node0 ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdc1 # 擴充VG
Volume group "vg01" successfully extended
[root@node0 ~]# vgs # 檢視擴充結果
vg01 3 1 0 wz--n- 39.99g 23.99g
root@node0 ~]# lvextend -L +10GB -n /dev/vg01/lv01 # 擴充LV
Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 16.00 GiB (4096 extents) to 26.00 GiB (6656 extents).
[root@node0 ~]# lvs # 檢視擴充結果
lv01 vg01 -wi-a----- 26.00g
挂載LV：
[root@node0 ~]# mkdir /lv01_data # 建立用于挂載的目錄
[root@node0 ~]# ll /dev/vg01/lv01
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 20 16:59 /dev/vg01/lv01 -> ../dm-0
[root@node0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab # 編輯/etc/fstab配置檔案
/dev/vg01/lv01 /lv01_data ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@node0 ~]# mount -a # 重新整理/etc/fstab
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk # 檢視結果
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
│ └─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /lv01_data
└─vg01-lv01 (dm-0) 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /lv01_data
縮減檔案系統：
[root@node0 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg01/lv01 10G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg01/lv01 to 2621440 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg01/lv01 is now 2621440 blocks long.
删除LVM：
[root@node0 ~]# umount /lv01_data/ # 解除安裝檔案系統
[root@node0 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01 # 删除LV
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv01? [y/n]: y # 确認删除
Logical volume "lv01" successfully removed
[root@node0 ~]# lvs # 檢視結果
[root@node0 ~]# vgremove /dev/vg01 # 删除VG
Volume group "vg01" successfully removed
[root@node0 ~]# vgs # 檢視結果
[root@node0 ~]# lsblk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 20G 0 part
[root@node0 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g
[root@node0 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 # 删除PV
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped
[root@node0 ~]# pvs # 檢視結果
删除/etc/fstab檔案中的配置條目。
本文轉自 棋帥小七 51CTO部落格，原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/xvjunjie/2044320
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