一、認證的作用
1.增加網絡安全性(推薦使用MD5)
2.對OSPF重新配置時,不同密碼可以配置在新密碼和舊密碼的路由器上,防止它們在一個共享的公共廣播網絡的情況下互相通信
二、認證的種類
OSPF路由方式有三種:0 Null (也就是不認證), 1 (明文認證), 2 (MD5加密校驗和)
三、實驗拓撲,各種資訊如拓撲所示:
1. 明文認證:
R1:
Router>
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 1 //啟用OSPF路由協定
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication //啟用認證,不打這個指令的話,密碼不起作用
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key cisco //配置密碼(兩邊需一樣)
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#area 0 authentication //區域0采用明文認證
R1(config-router)#end
R1#
R2:
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication //啟用認證,不打這個指令的話,密碼不起作用
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key cisco //配置密碼
R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication //區域0采用明文認證
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
檢視R1接口資訊:
R1#show ip ospf interface f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.1.1
Backup Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 192.168.1.2
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:07
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Backup Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Simple password authentication enabled //明文密碼認證啟用
檢視R1鄰居表:
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:31 192.168.1.2 FastEthernet0/0
2.MD5認證
MD5算法用在類型2 的認證方式中,将OSPF資料包内容與一個密碼計算一個散列值,與密鑰ID一起發送,有了密鑰ID可以讓路由器指定多個密碼,密碼最大長度16位元組,密鑰ID在1-255之間,一對鄰居路由器密鑰ID與密碼必須相同.
R1:
R1(config-if)#no ip ospf authentication //NO掉明文認證
R1(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco
//使用Key-id為1,密碼為cisco的MD5認證方式(Key-id與密碼兩邊都需一樣)
R1(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest //區域0采用MD5認證
R2:
R2(config-if)#no ip ospf authentication //同上
R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco //同上
R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest
Backup Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.1.1
Hello due in 00:00:09
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Message digest authentication enabled //啟用MD5認證
Youngest key id is 1
注意:在一個區域隻能使用一種認證方式,在不同鍊路之間密碼可以不同。
本文轉自 meiyanaa 51CTO部落格,原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/justim/273239,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者